Aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera from lentic and lotic freshwater bodies were surveyed from all the districts of Meghalaya. Tenagogonus aruli sp. nov. (Gerromorpha: Gerridae) is described and can be identified by the presence of a very long connexival process in the female, medium sized connexival process in the male, an irregular longitudinal black stripe on the sublateral region of the abdominal sternum in the apterous form, and a median longitudinal depression on the eighth abdominal sternum of the male. In addition, eight species of the infraorders Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha are recorded for the first time from India: Ranatra libera Zettel, 1999, Hydrometra jaczewskii Lundblad, 1933, H. longicapitis Torre-Bueno, 1927, Strongylovelia balteiformis Ye, Chen & Bu, 2015, S. hainanensis Ye, Chen & Bu, 2015, Gerris (Gerris) lobatus Andersen & Chen, 1993, Tenagogonus kuiterti Hungerford & Matsuda, 1958, and Rheumatogonus vietnamensis Zettel & Chen, 1996. Detailed illustrations of the new species and habitus images and distribution maps of all the species recorded for the first time from India are provided.