Statist cosmopolitanism is the view that obligations to non-members of a polity extend beyond the humanitarian minimum to general duties of assistance and to duties of reciprocity, including those of non-exploitation, non-domination, and avoidance of “free ridership.” Though this view has much to recommend it, the differentiation between strong duties towards “compatriots” and these other forms of obligation rests on anthropological, ontological, and policy premises that are not clarified. Furthermore, statist cosmopolitanism vacillates between a contractarian and identitarian account of the boundaries of the political community. It follows that we should also challenge whether states should be left free to act on their own judgement alone in balancing competing responsibilities to members and non-members.