Muatan Budaya untuk Kebutuhan Komunikasi Dasar Pelajar Asing yang Disajikan dalam Buku Sahabatku Indonesia Tingkat A1

BIPA learning is critically important when considering the increasing global position of BIPA, that is to foster the internationalization of Indonesian. The main purpose of developing BIPA reflected in its programs is to improve communication skills. Here, basic communication becomes the foundation of foreign learners in social interaction. Several important topics containing Indonesian cultures are pursued along with the learning of communication. The purpose of this study is therefore to analyze the cultural contents presented in the book ‘Sahabatku Indonesia Tingkat A1’ to help foreign students improve their basic communication needs. The method used is descriptive qualitative which means that the analysis is based on the researcher's interpretation. This study is carried out in three stages, namely data reduction which functions as data collection, followed by data presentation and analysis, and conclusion drawing. The results of the analysis demonstrated that there are two main cultural contents found in the book: familiarity and politeness. Familiarity and politeness are primarily what have characterized Indonesian people. Keywords: learning; culture; communication Abstrak: Pembelajaran BIPA sangat penting dipelajari karena mengingat posisi BIPA yang semakin mendunia hal tersebut akan terus memupuk internasionalisasi bahasa Indonesia. Tujuan utama pengembangan pembelajaran BIPA melalui program yang telah tersedia umumnya memiliki tujuan sebagai alat komunikasi. Komunikasi dasar yang menjadi pondasi pelajar asing dalam berinteraksi sosial. Topik-topik penting yang mengandung muatan budaya Indonesia secara langsung dipelajari dalam pembelajaran komunikasi . Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah menganalisis muatan budaya untuk kebutuhan komunikasi dasar pelajar asing yang disajikan dalam buku ‘Sahabatku Indonesia Tingkat A1' Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif yang berarti berdasarkan hasil paparan analisis peneliti sendiri. Penelitian ini melewati tiga tahap yaitu reduksi data yang berfungsi sebagai pengumpulan data, dilanjutkan dengan pemaparan serta analisis data, dan dilanjutkan dengan penarikan kesimpulan. Muatan budaya dalam buku ‘Sahabatku Indonesia Tingkat A1’ ditemukan sebanyak dua poin yaitu keakraban dan kesantunan. Keakraban dan kesantunan menjadi ciri khas masyarakat Indonesia yang menjunjung tinggi nilai budaya melalui kedua hal tersebut. Kata kunci: pembelajaran, budaya, komunikasi

FEATURES OF THE FUNCTIONAL AND PLANNING ORGANIZATION OF THE TERRITORIES OF THE OIL AND GAS COMPLEX

The issues of functional-planning organization of oil and gas enterprises in the territory of Western Ukraine (within Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv and Ternopil regions) are presented in the article. Facilities related to extraction, transportation, storage, processing and sales are taken into account. The town-planning analysis is carried out and the basic functional zones of territories are defined, appointments of buildings and constructions and the basic communication communications between them are identified. The study is based on the analysis of twenty the oil and gas complex objects, some of which are presented graphically. Objects are grouped according to their function. Enterprises are divided into five main types: 1. Mining enterprises; 2. Transportation companies; 3. Storage enterprises; 4. Processing plants. 5. Objects of sale. Characterization of the functional and planning organization of the territory of enterprises is carried out by a comprehensive analysis of certain specific indicators: 1. Analysis of the function of buildings and structures. 2. Functional zoning of the territory. 3. Basic communication links. In the course of the research the localization of objects was carried out and their classification according to the degree of functioning was deduced: lost enterprises, non-functioning, partially functioning, functioning. Given the specifics of oil and gas companies in the process of studying the functional and planning features of the oil and gas complex, it is proposed to partially expand the list of functional areas. During the study of functional and planning features it was possible to identify three main factors influencing the organization of territories: the requirement of manufacturability, safety issues (social and environmental) and engineering and geological conditions.

Language Complexity in Historical Perspective: The Enduring Tropes of Natural Growth and Abnormal Contact

Focusing on the work of John McWhorter and, to a lesser extent, Peter Trudgill, this paper critically examines some common themes in language complexity research from the perspective of intellectual history. The present-day conception that increase in language complexity is somehow a “natural” process which is disturbed under the “abnormal” circumstances of language contact is shown to be a recapitulation of essentially Romantic ideas that go back to the beginnings of disciplinary linguistics. A similar genealogy is demonstrated for the related notion that grammatical complexity is a kind of “ornament” on language, surplus to the needs of “basic communication.” The paper closes by examining the implications of these ideas for linguistic scholarship.

Determinants of firm's innovation: increasing the transparency of financial statements

In terms of economic globalization and digitalization, the enterprise's financial reporting is a communication channel for transferring accounting information to stakeholders. The full and effective perception of user credentials is threatened by communication barriers that could lead to erroneous management decisions. Thus, it is necessary to improve financial reporting through feedback mechanisms to minimize the negative impact of communication threats to the accounting system. The purpose of this article is to identify basic communication of financial reporting, their minimization through ensuring the transparency of accounting information and calculation of analytical indicators. The article highlights the basic communication barriers to the perception of accounting information, which include unclear financial reporting indicators due to different interpretations of accounting concepts; the inadequate level of knowledge of the subjects of the communication process (communicator and recipient); the inaccuracy of information due to intentional or unintentional actions; lack of clarity in accounting regulations on the interpretation and structure of individual objects of accounting; information oversaturation; availability of non-target communications; availability of informal communications; inefficiency of the communication channel. The influence of communication threats to the accounting system on the example of forming the Ukrainian form of financial reporting Balance (Financial Statement) is substantiated. It is proposed to transform the form of financial statements Balance Sheet (Financial Statement) in Ukraine by separating two sections in assets «Non-current assets» and «Current assets») and three in liabilities («Equity», «Long-term liabilities» and «Current liabilities») to optimize the analysis of the financial condition, which will contribute to the effective perception of accounting and analytical data by stakeholders. The criterion of minimizing the impact of communication risks should be used to transform other forms of financial and integrated reporting. The proposals could be useful in reformatting financial reporting forms in other countries to ensure transparency and maximize the perception of accounting information.

КОММУНИКАЦИЯНЫН АНЫКТАМАСЫ ЖАНА ТАРЫХЫ

Адамдар өздүк жашоосун өнүктүрүү жана улантуу үчүн байланышка муктаж. Жекеликтер байланыштын жардамы аркылуу бири-бири менен, ошондой эле табият менен жакын мамиледе боло алат. Адам жана бүткүл жандуулар үчүн эң зарыл каражат болгон байланыштын тарыхы туңгуч адам менен кошо башталган. Коммуникация - бул байланыш - жеткирүүнү каалаган маалымат, ой жана сезимдерди сим- волдор менен элдештирип, ар түрдүү каражаттарды колдонуу аркылуу каршы тарапка жөнөтүү дегенди түшүндүрөт. Айрыкча, оозеки байланыш жазуунун пайда болушундан мурун негизги байланыш методу (ыкмасы) катары колдонулган. Оозеки байланыш жазуунун пайда болушундан кийин дагы аны менен бирге кеңири колдонулган. Алгач байланыш каражаты катары сүйлөшүү жана сүрөт колдонулса, алфавиттин табылышы менен бирге, байланыш азыркы учурдагы формасын алган. İnsanların kendi varlıklarını geliştirmek ve sürdürmek için iletişime ihtiyaçları bulunmaktadır. Bireyler iletişim sayesinde birbirlerine ve doğaya uyum sağlayabilmektedir. İnsanlar ve bütün canlılılar için vazgeçilmez olan iletişimin tarihi ise ilk insanla birlikte başlamaktadır. İletişim, iletilmek istenen bilgi, düşünce ve duyguların karşı tarafa üzerinde uzlaşmaya varılmış simgelerle çeşitli araçlar kullanılarak gönderilmesi şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Sözlü iletişim özellikle yazının icadından önce temel iletişim yöntemi olarak kullanılmıştır. Yazının icadından sonra da sözlü iletişim, onunla birlikte yine yoğun bir şekilde kullanılmıştır. Önce konuşma ve resim, iletişim aracı olarak kullanılmış, alfabenin bulunması ile birlikte iletişim günümüzdeki şeklini almıştır. People need communication to develop and maintain their own existence. People can adapt to each other and to nature through communication. The history of communication, which is indispensable for humans and all creatures, starts with the first human being. Communication can be defined as sending the information, thoughts and emotions that are wanted to be conveyed by using various means with the symbols that have been agreed on the opposite side. Oral communication has been used as the basic communication method especially before the invention of the writing. First, speech and picture were used as communication tools., and with the discovery of the alphabet, communication has taken the form of today.

THE IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPING STUDENTS' SPEAKING SKILLS

World experience has shown that when learning a new foreign language, the result can be achieved by perfectly mastering and developing the five basic communication skills. In the Kazakh language, this issue has been resolved in recent years and continues to develop. The article "The importance of developing students' speech skills "is devoted to one of the most pressing issues in modern methods of teaching the Kazakh language - the importance of developing students' ability to speak correctly. The article also presents the views of Kazakhstani scientists on the culture of correct speech. It offers goals and objectives, advantages and benefits of developing students ' speech skills, conditions that should be taken into account when developing this skill in students in grades 5-7 and 8-11, as well as several types of methods that can be used in the classroom