Omanization Policies and Entrepreneurship

This study mainly focuses on influence of system and policies on businesses in Oman. The study explores the strength, weakness, opportunities and challenges of entrepreneurship initiatives. This project strategizes plan and solution thereof to improve Omanization program, entrepreneurship, local worker’s commitment and skill. To achieve the objectives, qualitative method is used. In qualitative method, convenient sampling and semi-structured questionnaire were implemented to conduct interview and finally content analysis and thematic analysis was applied. The finding reveals that lack of related business experience, education, knowledge (formal and informal education and tacit knowledge), traditional thinking of bureaucrats in ministries, lengthy procedure to start business and omanization policies and business network are the key factors that hinder entrepreneurial initiatives. Wage policies and employee quota or ratio are also discouraging individuals to take entrepreneurial initiative. Entrepreneurial and business education is given in English medium instead Arabic that also cause of low level of understanding to theoretical knowledge of entrepreneurship in Oman. There is need to Replace Centralized system with Distributed System in Oman for businesses to increase entrepreneur businesses as because of lengthy procedure and centralize system many individuals give up to take initiate of business. Wages to labour should be paid on equilibrium level (WL=SL = DL) for economic prosperity in the long run. Current study contributes socially, economically and politically.

Model Three-Level Dual-Channel Supply Chain pada Sistem Sentralisasi dengan Memertimbangkan Waktu Tunggu Pengiriman

AbstrakEra pasar global telah mengubah kebiasaan konsumen dalam membeli produk, sehingga konsumen dapat membeli produk melalui media online. Oleh karena itu, produsen mengembangkan media penjualannya melalui media online dan offline. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan model three-level dual-channel supply chain dengan memertimbangkan waktu tunggu pengiriman pada penjualan melalui media online yang dilakukan oleh produsen serta mengembangkan media penjualan distributor sehingga distributor dapat menjual produk secara langsung ke konsumen. Konstruksi model bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan keuntungan gabungan produsen, distributor, dan pengecer dengan sistem sentralisasi. Fungsi keuntungan gabungan merupakan fungsi nonlinear tanpa kendala dengan tiga variabel keputusan yaitu harga jual produsen pada media online, harga jual distributor langsung ke konsumen, dan harga jual pengecer ke konsumen. Selanjutnya, ditentukan solusi optimal model berdasarkan syarat perlu dan syarat cukup untuk fungsi multivariabel tanpa kendala. Berdasarkan simulasi numerik dan analisis sensitivitas dapat dilihat pengaruh faktor waktu tunggu pengiriman terhadap fungsi keuntungan gabungan yang optimal. Ditunjukkan bahwa lamanya waktu tunggu pengiriman sangat berpengaruh pada besarnya keuntungan optimal gabungan produsen, distributor, dan pengecer.Kata Kunci: Sentralisasi, Three-Level, Waktu TungguAbstractThe global market era changes the consumer behavior to shop the product, so the consumer can buy through online channel. Therefore, the producer develop the selling channel to sell their products through online channel and offline channel. In this research, we develop the three-level dual-channel supply chain by notice delivery lead time in the online channel used by the producer and develop selling channel from distributors so distributors can sell their product to consumer with direct selling. We construct the model with profit maximization motive of the system that consists producer, distributors, and retailer in the centralize system. The total profit function is nonlinear function without constrains with three decision variables. Furthermore, we determine the optimal solution of the model based on necessary and sufficient condition. Based on numerical simulations and sensitivity analysis we analyze the effect of delivery lead time strongly influences the optimal total profit system.Keywords: Centralize, Lead Time, Three-Level