The Role of Belt and Road Initiative in Global Governance

China's BRI provides a major impetus for promoting global governance transformation: The BRI heightens awareness of the need to establish a community of shared destiny for humanity and advances the development of epistemology in global governance. It provides more sustainable global public goods, thus raising the bar for global governance's ethical norms. The BRI blends top-down and bottom-up methods to global governance to promote voluntary action. The BRI builds on China's own experience combining reform, development, and stability, thus balancing the security, ecological, social, and economic aspects of global governance and fostering shared growth among nations and areas along the routes. I will identify by using an analytical review that Is the BRI a significant instrument for seeking after the energetic global authority of China? It inferred that generally, the BRI had been a successful tool in China's long quest for global governance leadership, yet extra efforts are required to handle risks and challenges.

Quality of Life, Behavioural Activation and Inhibition and Perceived Social Competence among Drug Addicts

The purpose of this article was to shower light on the quality of life that mostly we expect. Life quality is determined by two aspects i.e., physiological and psychological aspects. While if a person is addicted by the drugs, then the both aspects of his/ her life is deteriorated to the extreme. Due to drug addiction, the negative psychological effects which arises are anxiety, stress, depression, and familial relationships while the negative physiological effects that arise from the drug addiction are weakness, headache, dizziness, and pain in the body, etc. The main objective was to evaluate the quality of life of Diamorphine addicts, behavioral stimulation and inhibition, perceived social competence, and the relationship between these variables; and check differences between drug addicts on these variables based on their belongingness to joint and nuclear family systems. To achieve the objectives, 10 Diamorphine addicts were taken from Azm Drug Rehabilitation center, Sargodha, through purposive sampling. A total number of 10 participants responded to the 26-items quality of life survey (WHO-QOL-BREF), 24-items BAS/BIS (BIS/BAS scale) questionnaire, and 5-items perceived social competence questionnaire (Perceived Social Competence Scale II). Results were analyzed via SPSS version 20. The results showed that all three variables in the study were not associated with each other. Quality of life and social competence correlated -.25 (p = n.s); quality of life and BAS/BIS had .30 (p = n.s); while social competence and BAS/BIS had -.16 (p = n.s). It may be due to the cultural settings of Pakistan. In drug addicts, BAS has high activity, and BIS has low activity. And there is no significant difference in these variables among addicts of the nuclear and joint family system.

SYSTEM OF POLITICAL GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY IN SINDH, PAKISTAN

Local government systems are considered the primary governance level in terms of democracies, though, their contribution to governance is well-established. Concerning this, the present study aims to assess the local government concerning the province of Sindh Pakistan. The focus of this study is to highlight the efficacy as well as the efficiency of the restructuring of the government office. For conducting this study, an experimental research design based on the qualitative research approach is used. The findings of the study conclude that the empowerment of the local government is closely related to the enhanced work practices and better attainment of the economic goals. It also shows that this assists in better management as well as reduction of conflict, since they are more aware of the problems. Therefore, more authority should be provided to these local governments for ensuring the welfare of the people, and Pakistan as a whole.

Predicting Pathways of Grit among undergraduate students

The present research examines how the presence of psychological wellbeing, resilience, hope, subjective happiness, and meaning in life can increase psychological grit in 482 undergraduate students. To test this model, positive psychology factors are used as a predictor of psychological grit. Positive psychology factors influence the passion and perseverance of the undergraduate students of the university to achieve their short- and long-term goals. To gather information from the participants, we used the grit scale, Ryff psychological wellness scale, brief resilience scale, purpose in life scale, subjective happiness scale, and hope scale. The variables in the studies were calculated using correlation and regression analysis. Psychological well-being and resilience were found to be important predictors of psychological grit in the study. The findings of the study have implications for counsellors, planners, and politicians who must consider all of the variables that predict and increase grit in university students.

Studying the relation of Emotional Intelligence and Mindfulness with Students’ Academic Performance at Higher Secondary Schools

The study intended to find out the relationship betweenEmotional Intelligence(EI), Mindfulness (M), and grades of higher secondary students. Many researchers had been investigating grades of students in relation to EI and M; but the evidence for and against the thesis were strong enough; and, therefore, it remained a provocative issue for the curious researchers yet to be resolved. The rationale of the paper resides in the need of improving our understanding on the connection between EI, M and grades of adolescents, especially in countries where the school dropout rate of adolescents is reported high. Basic purpose was to check association between EI, M and grades. Initially two questionnaires were adopted to measure student’s EI and M separately. The first instrument was Schutte Self Report Inventory (SSRI) adapted by Schutte et al., (1998). The SSRI Schutte et al, (1998) had 33-items, self-report measures on the bases of Salovey and Mayer (1990) theory of “EI”. While the second one was a Mindfulness scale Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale by Brown et al, (2003)). Instrument comprised of 15 self-reported items. Students of secondary level were selected conveniently from the assessable population of District Sahiwal (Pakistan). Findings of this quantitative study was revealed that EI have positive relation with grades while negative relation with Mindfulness. Students’ emotional intelligence and mindfulness skills may be enhanced by using different teaching learning skills and making desirable changes in the system of education.

A PHENOMENOLOGICAL CONTENT ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FLEXIBILITY IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF LAHORE

Psychological flexibility is an emerging phenomenon worldwide. It has been shown that an adequate level of psychological flexibility supports with adjustment of an individual in a present situation. In European cultures, psychological flexibility has been associated with successful outcomes and adaptive behaviors for stress management. The phenomenology of a variable differs in different populations; the scarcity of an indigenous psychological flexibility scale for university students in Pakistani society drew this research study towards an exploration of the variable among Pakistani students. The purpose of the study is to comprehend the perceptions of university students about psychological flexibility. The experiences were collected in the form of written transcripts from 73 university students from two private universities in Lahore. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. A qualitative summative content analysis approach was used to interpret the results of the data. A research question was formulated for data collection and codes were found using an operationalized definition from the literature review. Four major themes were identified through the data analysis of the university students' phenomenology exploration about psychological flexibility. The key findings that were highlighted through the content analysis were discussed based on the pre-determined codes in the operational definition of psychological flexibility. The study provides direction to future researchers while working on the level of psychological flexibility in clinical and non-clinical practices.

The Effect of Authentic Leadership of School Heads on Teachers’ Withdrawal and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: Confirming the Mediation of Psychological Empowerment

This study explored school teachers’ perception about their heads’ authentic leadership, their psychological empowerment, withdrawal behavior and organizational citizenship behavior. It also attempted to measure the correlation among all variables understudy and the mediation of psychological empowerment in the association of authentic leadership of heads and teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and withdrawal behavior. A self-developed tool was used for data collection from a sample of 360 public sector school teachers at secondary level. The data was analyzed through t test, Pearson r, multiple regression and process Macro. The findings revealed that teachers rated their heads as high on authentic leadership scale. They rated themselves high on OCB and psychological empowerment scales and low on withdrawal behavior scale. There was significant positive relationship among all variables. The study also revealed effect of authentic leadership behavior on psychological empowerment, and OCBs and inverse effect on withdrawal behavior. The mediating effect of teachers’ psychological empowerment in relationship between authentic leadership and teachers’ OCBs was confirmed but same was not the case with withdrawal behavior.

Nietzsche’s Ubermensch and Crime: An Analysis of Arvind Adiga’s Novel The White Tiger

This paper analyzes the act of crime and its artistic rationalization through the character of Balram Halwai in Arvind Adiga’s novel The White Tiger under the theoretical prism of Nietzsche’s Philosophy of Ubermensch. Ubermensch is a hypothetical character proposed by Nietzsche in his masterpiece Thus Spoke Zarathustra who is expected to appear in the future and will possess some unique features like ‘transcendence over society’, ‘creation of new values and master morality’, ‘will to power and achievement’. The character of Balram is analyzed as a fictional Ubermensch under the lens of these features using Content Analysis Technique of Qualitative Research Methodology’ which is considered suitable for the specific descriptive nature and scope of this study. This analysis concludes that the embodiment of such features by Balram justifies his rise as a perfect potential Ubermensch of 21st century who rejects the traditional moral system and builds his own system of morality where crime also seems to be rationalized.

Outcome Based Education: A step towards Quality Improvement in Higher Education of Pakistan

The need for outcome based education is of paramount importance as outcome based education system is a student-centric teaching and learning approach in which course delivery and assessment are planned to attain certain well defined objectives and outcomes. It emphases on assessing student performance i.e. outcomes at different levels. Due to its immense benefits to the students, adopting outcome based education is a favorite choice of curriculum planners, curriculum developers, faculty, employers and students. This paper describes a basic framework of assessing outcome based education which may be implemented by the higher education commission of Pakistan in degree awarding institution across.