Integrated Photonics Based High Speed Arbitrary Waveform Generation

High speed arbitrary waveform generator enabled by photonic digital to analog converter where the bandwidth limitation arising due to interconnect and device parasitics in its electronic counterparts is circumvented. Leveraging the silicon photonic integration technology for this purpose provides a potential high resolution, high bandwidth, and energy efficient solution for signal transmitters.

Integrated Photonics Based High Speed Arbitrary Waveform Generation

High speed arbitrary waveform generator enabled by photonic digital to analog converter where the bandwidth limitation arising due to interconnect and device parasitics in its electronic counterparts is circumvented. Leveraging the silicon photonic integration technology for this purpose provides a potential high resolution, high bandwidth, and energy efficient solution for signal transmitters.

Pulsing Test for Defect of Resistive Word Line in DRAM Main Cell using WGFMU (Waveform Generator Fast Measurement Unit)

In this paper, we compare and describe the difference between the oscilloscope pulsing test and the WGFMU (Waveform Generator Fast Measurement Unit) in analyzing the defect of high resistance in DRAM main cell sample. The nanoprobe system has many constraints in the pulsing analysis utilizing the oscilloscope and pulse generator. There are certain cases where the system cannot support analysis when the saturation current is extremely minimal, such as the DRAM cell. In this paper, we address this constraint and propose a new way to conduct pulsing tests using the WGFMU's arbitrary linear waveform generator in the nanoprobe system.

Transcranial electrical stimulation devices

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) devices apply electrical waveforms through electrodes placed on the scalp to modulate brain function. This chapter describes the principles, types, and components of tES devices as well as practical considerations for their use. All tES devices include a waveform generator, electrodes, and an adhesive or headgear to position the electrodes. tES dose is defined by the size and position of electrodes, and the waveform, duration, and intensity of the current. Many sub-classes of tES are named based on dose. This chapter focuses on low intensity tES, which includes transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), and transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS). tES electrode types are reviewed, including electrolyte-soaked sponge, adhesive hydrogel, high-definition, hand-held solid metal, free paste on electrode, and dry. Computational models support device design and individual targeting. The tolerability of tES is protocol specific, and medical grade devices minimize risk.