Transcranial electrical stimulation devices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Q. Truong ◽  
Niranjan Khadka ◽  
Angel V. Peterchev ◽  
Marom Bikson
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Solid Metal ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Waveform Generator ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Support Device ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) devices apply electrical waveforms through electrodes placed on the scalp to modulate brain function. This chapter describes the principles, types, and components of tES devices as well as practical considerations for their use. All tES devices include a waveform generator, electrodes, and an adhesive or headgear to position the electrodes. tES dose is defined by the size and position of electrodes, and the waveform, duration, and intensity of the current. Many sub-classes of tES are named based on dose. This chapter focuses on low intensity tES, which includes transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), and transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS). tES electrode types are reviewed, including electrolyte-soaked sponge, adhesive hydrogel, high-definition, hand-held solid metal, free paste on electrode, and dry. Computational models support device design and individual targeting. The tolerability of tES is protocol specific, and medical grade devices minimize risk.

Sham transcranial electrical stimulation and its effects on corticospinal excitability: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thusharika D. Dissanayaka ◽  
Maryam Zoghi ◽  
Michael Farrell ◽  
Gary F. Egan ◽  
Shapour Jaberzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Placebo Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation

AbstractSham stimulation is used in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the efficacy of active stimulation and placebo effects. It should mimic the characteristics of active stimulation to achieve blinding integrity. The present study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature to identify the effects of sham transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) – including anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS, c-tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) and transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) – on corticospinal excitability (CSE), compared to baseline in healthy individuals. Electronic databases – PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Science Direct and MEDLINE (Ovid) – were searched for RCTs of tES from 1990 to March 2017. Thirty RCTs were identified. Using a random-effects model, meta-analysis of a-tDCS, c-tDCS, tACS, tRNS and tPCS studies showed statistically non-significant pre-post effects of sham interventions on CSE. This review found evidence for statically non-significant effects of sham tES on CSE.

Methods and Technologies for Low-Intensity Transcranial Electrical Stimulation: Waveforms, Terminology, and Historical Notes

2014 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Berkan Guleyupoglu ◽  
Pedro Schestatsky ◽  
Felipe Fregni ◽  
Marom Bikson
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Low Intensity

Modulation of auditory gamma-band responses using transcranial electrical stimulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 2504-2514
Author(s):  
Kevin T. Jones ◽  
Elizabeth L. Johnson ◽  
Zoe S. Tauxe ◽  
Donald C. Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Gamma Phase ◽  
Sham Stimulation ◽  
Gamma Frequency ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation

Gamma frequency-tuned transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) adjusts the magnitude and timing of auditory gamma responses, as compared with both sham stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). However, both tACS and tDCS strengthen the gamma phase connectome, which is disrupted in numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders. These findings reveal dissociable neurophysiological changes following two noninvasive neurostimulation techniques commonly applied in clinical and research settings.

scholarly journals A Novel Design of Electrode Holder for High-Definition Transcranial Electrical Stimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1692
Author(s):  
Cassandra Solomons ◽  
Vivekanandan Shanmugasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Electrode Holder ◽  
Novel Design

scholarly journals Dataset of concurrent EEG, ECG, and behavior with multiple doses of transcranial electrical stimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Gebodh ◽  
Zeinab Esmaeilpour ◽  
Abhishek Datta ◽  
Marom Bikson
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brain State ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Human Participant ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Unique Dataset

AbstractWe present a dataset combining human-participant high-density electroencephalography (EEG) with physiological and continuous behavioral metrics during transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). Data include within participant application of nine High-Definition tES (HD-tES) types, targeting three cortical regions (frontal, motor, parietal) with three stimulation waveforms (DC, 5 Hz, 30 Hz); more than 783 total stimulation trials over 62 sessions with EEG, physiological (ECG, EOG), and continuous behavioral vigilance/alertness metrics. Experiment 1 and 2 consisted of participants performing a continuous vigilance/alertness task over three 70-minute and two 70.5-minute sessions, respectively. Demographic data were collected, as well as self-reported wellness questionnaires before and after each session. Participants received all 9 stimulation types in Experiment 1, with each session including three stimulation types, with 4 trials per type. Participants received two stimulation types in Experiment 2, with 20 trials of a given stimulation type per session. Within-participant reliability was tested by repeating select sessions. This unique dataset supports a range of hypothesis testing including interactions of tDCS/tACS location and frequency, brain-state, physiology, fatigue, and cognitive performance.

scholarly journals Can Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Localize Brain Function?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Ninija Karabanov ◽  
Guilherme Bicalho Saturnino ◽  
Axel Thielscher ◽  
Hartwig Roman Siebner
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation

scholarly journals A computational study on the optimization of transcranial temporal interfering stimulation with high-definition electrode using unsupervised neural network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-kyu Bahn ◽  
Bo-Yeong Kang ◽  
Chany Lee
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Deep Part ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Unsupervised Neural Network ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation ◽  
Current Value ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Target Depth

Transcranial temporal interfering stimulation (tTIS) can focally stimulate deep parts of the brain, which are related to specific functions, by using beats at two high AC frequencies that do not affect the human brain. However, it has limitations in terms of calculation time and precision for optimization because of its complexity and non-linearity. We aimed to propose a method using an unsupervised neural network (USNN) for tTIS to optimize quickly the interfering current value of high-definition electrodes, which can finely stimulate the deep part of the brain, and analyze the performance and characteristics of tTIS. A computational study was conducted using 16 realistic head models. This method generated the strongest stimulation on the target, even when targeting deep areas or multi-target stimulation. The tTIS was robust with target depth compared with transcranial alternating current stimulation, and mis-stimulation could be reduced compared with the case of using two-pair inferential stimulation. Optimization of a target could be performed in 3 min. By proposing the USNN for tTIS, we showed that the electrode currents of tTIS can be optimized quickly and accurately, and the possibility of stimulating the deep part of the brain precisely with transcranial electrical stimulation was confirmed.

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