Comparison of Al-Syatibi and Thahir Ibn Asyria's Thoughts on Maqashid Shari'ah

This article will discuss the thoughts of two scholars in the field of maqashid sharia, namely Al-Syatibi as a classical scholar who studied maqashid sharia as an independent discipline until he got the nickname of the first teacher (mu'allim awwal) by producing a work entitled al-Muwaffaqat fi Ushul al-Syariah. The second, Thahir ibn Asyur is a scholar who became the successor of Al-Syatibi in studying the maqashid sharia after the absence of maqashid sharia works for six centuries until he has dubbed the second teacher (mu'allim tsani). According to Al-Syatibi, maqashid sharia is generally divided into two things, namely the legal establishment based on illat (ta'lil problem) and al-mashalih wa al-mafasid (benefit and damage) based on three levels of benefit, namely daruriyyat (primary maslahat), hajiyyat (secondary maslahat), and tahsiniyyat (tertiary maslahat). While Thahir ibn Asyur argues that maqashid sharia is divided into two things, namely maqashid sharia al-ammah and maqashid sharia al-khassah, thahir ibn Asyur's thinking is based on four things namely: al-musawah, al-fitrah, al-hurriyah and al-samahah. The purpose of this paper is compare the thoughts of the figures regarding maqashid sharia.

The Reception of Petrarch’s Africa in Fascist Italy

In his 1877 Storia della letteratura (History of Literature), Luigi Settembrini wrote that Petrarch’s fourteenth-century poem, the Africa, ‘is forgotten …; very few have read it, and it was judged—I don’t know when and by whom—a paltry thing’. Yet, just four decades later, the early Renaissance poet’s epic of the Second Punic War, written in Latin hexameters, was being promoted as the national poem of Italy by eminent classical scholar, Nicola Festa, who published the only critical edition of the epic in 1926. This article uncovers the hitherto untold story of the revival of Petrarch’s poetic retelling of Scipio’s defeat of Hannibal in Fascist Italy, and its role in promoting ideas of nation and empire during the Fascist period in Italy. After briefly outlining the Africa’s increasing popularity in the nineteenth century, I consider some key publications that contributed to the revival of the poem under Fascism. I proceed chronologically to show how the Africa was shaped into a poem of the Italian nation, and later, after Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia, of Italy’s new Roman Empire. I suggest that the contestations over the significance of the Africa during the Fascist period, over whether it was a national poem of Roman revival or a poem of the universal ideal of empire, demonstrate more profound tensions in how Italian Fascism saw itself.

The Perennial Quarrel

The Conclusion begins by bringing the story of Dares up to the decades around 1700. It considers both changes and continuities in Dares’ afterlife over the course of the preceding millennium. It then examines the neglected role of the Destruction of Troy in two developments long linked to the eighteenth century: namely, the origins of modern professionalized classical scholarship and the advent of a sense of “disenchantment” concerning the truth-value of ancient texts and traditions. It places Dares within the so-called “quarrel of the ancients and the moderns” (querelle des anciens et des modernes) and examines the commentary on the Destruction of Troy composed by the French classical scholar Anne Dacier (a partisan of the “ancients” who later defended Homer against “modern” critiques). It also discusses invocations of Dares by figures including Jean Mabillon, Giambattista Vico, and Thomas Jefferson. The Conclusion ends with broader reflections on what Dares’ reception history can tell us about the paradoxes inherent in modern approaches to antiquity.

Pemikiran Abdullah An-Na`Im Tentang Teori Evolusi Syari`Ah (Nasakh) Dan Relevansinya Dengan Metode Istinbath Hukum Islam

<em>In order to offer a transformative discourse Abdullah Ahmad An-Na'im build a method he called with the evolution of Shari'ah (abrogated). According to him the method can respond to contemporary issues at this time. Because he assumed that abrogating is one of the principal methods and has a wide and high complexity in theology and fiqh (jurisprudence) of Islam. He tries to deconstruct abrogated method and also some methods of ijtihad that had been considered settled by the classical scholar. Abdullah Ahmad An-Na'im radically have done repeated studies against the epistimologi Islamic law as well as the mereformulasi return and customize it with the standard of human rights as well as international law as a benchmark. The method developed by Abdullah Ahmad An-Na'im, he stated three important things that need to be done to realize the abrogating. Text, values of humanity, and logic. He also overestimated human rights, so that a text (paragraph) may be enforced in accordance with human rights. In order to answer the legal issues of contemporary Islam. </em>

Prolegomena to Bentley’s Unfinished New Testament Project

It is well known that the eighteenth-century classical scholar Richard Bentley once announced but never finished an ambitious project for a critical NT edition. What is less well known is that numerous entries of his archive have been preserved in Wren Library of Trinity College (TCL), Cambridge, until today. This article provides some prolegomena to a comprehensive enquiry into Bentley’s unfinished NT project. It includes an updated summary of the archive, relevant secondary literature, a few examples for illustration, and on the basis of all this, some suggestions for future study.

After Medea, Or What Is in Common between Magic and Translation

A blitz interview with Georgi Gochev, classical scholar and translator, on his recent work on a new Bulgarian version of Euripides’ Medea done especially for Snezhina Petrova’s socially engaged staging of the ancient tragedy.

Doxography and Psychoanalysis, or Relegating Truth to the Lowly Status It Deserves

This chapter serves as an introduction to the history and methodology of “doxography” as the deeply problematic means by which Presocratic texts have been transmitted and passed down to us.It highlights the importance of Diogenes Laertius, as one of the most brilliant early doxographers, and the ground-breakingDoxographiGraeci of the nineteenth century German classical scholar and philologist, Herman Diels.Like the sophists, Lacan questions the primacy of truth in both philosophical and psychoanalytic discourse, which is “relegated to the lowly status it deserves.”