Legendre-Galerkin method for the nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equations

The study of solving nonlinear integro-differential equations in Volterra-Fredholm type presents in this paper. The proposed method tends to use Legendre polynomials as a basis in the Galekin method to obtain the numerical solution. We use the Newton method to get the numerical solution of the nonlinear equations resulted from applying the Galerkin method. The comparison of the present study with the existing results in the literature shows an excellent agreement. Numerical examples explain the convergence, applicability, and efficiency of algorithm.

Unique solvability of boundary value problem for functional differential equations with involution

In this paper we consider a boundary value problem for systems of Fredholm type integral-differential equations with involutive transformation, containing derivative of the required function on the right-hand side under the integral sign. Applying properties of an involutive transformation, original boundary value problem is reduced to a boundary value problem for systems of integral-differential equations, containing derivative of the required function on the right side under the integral sign. Assuming existence of resolvent of the integral equation with respect to the kernel K˜2(t, s) (this is the kernel of the integral equation that contains the derivative of the desired function) and using properties of the resolvent, integral-differential equation with a derivative on the right-hand side is reduced to a Fredholm type integral-differential equation, in which there is no derivative of the desired function on the right side of the equation. Further, the obtained boundary value problem is solved by the parametrization method created by Professor D. Dzhumabaev. Based on this method, the problem is reduced to solving a special Cauchy problem with respect to the introduced new functions and to solving systems of linear algebraic equations with respect to the introduced parameters. An algorithm to find a solution is proposed. As is known, in contrast to the Cauchy problem for ordinary differential equations, the special Cauchy problem for systems of integral-differential equations is not always solvable. Necessary conditions for unique solvability of the special Cauchy problem were established. By using results obtained by Professor D. Dzhumabaev, necessary and sufficient conditions for the unique solvability of the original problem were established.

Partial integral operators of Fredholm type on Kaplansky-Hilbert module over $L_0$

The article studies some characteristic properties of self-adjoint partially integral operators of Fredholm type in the Kaplansky-Hilbert module $L_{0}\left[L_{2}\left(\Omega_{1}\right)\right]$ over $L_{0}\left(\Omega_{2}\right)$. Some mathematical tools from the theory of Kaplansky-Hilbert module are used. In the Kaplansky-Hilbert module $L_{0}\left[L_{2}\left(\Omega_{1}\right)\right]$ over $ L_{0} \left (\Omega _ {2} \right)$ we consider the partially integral operator of Fredholm type $T_{1}$ ($ \Omega_{1} $ and $\Omega_{2} $ are closed bounded sets in $ {\mathbb R}^{\nu_{1}}$ and $ {\mathbb R}^{\nu_{2}},$ $\nu_{1}, \nu_{2} \in {\mathbb N} $, respectively). The existence of $ L_{0} \left (\Omega _ {2} \right) $ nonzero eigenvalues for any self-adjoint partially integral operator $T_{1}$ is proved; moreover, it is shown that $T_{1}$ has finite and countable number of real $L_{0}(\Omega_{2})$-eigenvalues. In the latter case, the sequence $ L_{0}(\Omega_{2})$-eigenvalues is order convergent to the zero function. It is also established that the operator $T_{1}$ admits an expansion into a series of $\nabla_{1}$-one-dimensional operators.

Kannan-Type Contractions on New Extended b -Metric Spaces

This article is focused on the generalization of some fixed point theorems with Kannan-type contractions in the setting of new extended b -metric spaces. An idea of asymptotic regularity has been incorporated to achieve the new results. As an application, the existence of a solution of the Fredholm-type integral equation is presented.

Fredholm-type integral equation in controlled metric-like spaces

In this article we make an improvement in the Banach contraction using a controlled function in controlled metric like spaces, which generalizes many results in the literature. Moreover, we present an application on Fredholm type integral equation.

Bending and Buckling Analysis of Functionally Graded Euler–Bernoulli Beam Using Stress-Driven Nonlocal Integral Model with Bi-Helmholtz Kernel

Static bending and elastic buckling of Euler–Bernoulli beam made of functionally graded (FG) materials along thickness direction is studied theoretically using stress-driven integral model with bi-Helmholtz kernel, where the relation between nonlocal stress and strain is expressed as Fredholm type integral equation of the first kind. The differential governing equation and corresponding boundary conditions are derived with the principle of minimum potential energy. Several nominal variables are introduced to simplify differential governing equation, integral constitutive equation and boundary conditions. Laplace transform technique is applied directly to solve integro-differential equations, and the nominal bending deflection and moment are expressed with six unknown constants. The explicit expression for nominal deflection for static bending and nonlinear characteristic equation for the bucking load can be determined with two constitutive constraints and four boundary conditions. The results from this study are validated with those from the existing literature when two nonlocal parameters have same value. The influence of nonlocal parameters on the bending deflection and buckling loads for Euler–Bernoulli beam is investigated numerically. A consistent toughening effect is obtained for stress-driven nonlocal integral model with bi-Helmholtz kernel.

On Complex-Valued Triple Controlled Metric Spaces and Applications

In this manuscript, we introduce the concept of complex-valued triple controlled metric spaces as an extension of rectangular metric type spaces. To validate our hypotheses and to show the usability of the Banach and Kannan fixed point results discussed herein, we present an application on Fredholm-type integral equations and an application on higher degree polynomial equations.