Endoscopic airway equipment part 1: physical principles

The use of advanced endoscopic airway equipment has become increasingly important to the provision of safe anaesthesia for patients with complex anatomical and pathological conditions. Fundamental to the correct selection and use of the equipment is an understanding of the physical properties underlying its construction and function. This relies primarily on conventional optics, fibreoptics, video sensors and light-emitting diode technology.

Endoscopic airway equipment part 2: equipment overview

Endoscopic devices designed for intubation include indirect optical and video laryngoscopes, rigid fibreoptic and video stylets, flexible and rigid bronchoscopes, and optic-enabled intubating supraglottic airways. Various types of surgical operating telescopes can also be used in specific circumstances. It is crucial to understand the strengths and weaknesses of different devices and blade types in order to match the device to the clinical challenge.

Evaluation of components of an excess fuel flow in the heat power equipment

The use of traditional information systems with a low level of automation at thermal power plants does not allow organizing a channel for remote collection of reliable information about the current state of technological processes. The inability to organize data transfer to the central node for subsequent storage and processing does not allow tracking in full measure the need to repair or upgrade the equipment. In these conditions, an increase in the efficiency of the power plant is either impossible or relatively small. A significant increase in efficiency indicators can be reached by determining the least cost-effective elements or areas of the technological process, which becomes possible when using a complex collection of data from metering devices and their analysis. In the presence of a digital communication channel, data from the primary measuring device of technological processes (flow rate, pressure, temperature, voltage, etc.) can be transferred to a single information and analytical center. Based on the accumulated data, using a digital twin of the enterprise, real technical and economic indicators, as well as harmful emissions are calculated. Predictive calculations are performed for the cost effective operation of equipment and the introduction of new technologies. With a sufficient number of measurement devices, data storage makes it possible to analyze both the condition of the equipment and the state of the process at various points of time without having to affect the operating equipment. Part of informational functions of industrial control systems performed locally at TPPs can be executed remotely. These include such functions as recording events, information-computational and analytical functions, archiving information, and logging information (reporting).Analyzing the data on the technological process for a certain period (month, quarter, year, etc.), we can evaluate the efficiency of the implemented equipment and speak about the feasibility and ways of further modernization of the thermal power plant.