Paraganglioma of the cauda equina – Case Report and Literature Review

Paragangliomas of the cauda equina are tumors of rare incidence, with ∼ 220 cases described in the world literature. They are benign lesions, grade I by the World Health Organization (WHO), whose definitive diagnosis can only be made by immunohistochemical analysis. Its neuroendocrine nature is evidenced by the presence of chromogranin. The relevance of reporting this case is because paragangliomas of the cauda equina should be included among the differential diagnoses of intradural and extramedullary tumors, and especially because they can cause perioperative and intraoperative hypertensive crises by adrenergic discharge.The present study presents the case of a 36-year-old male patient diagnosed with a lumbar spine tumor located in the central spinal canal that presented as cauda equina syndrome involving 4 months of bilateral sciatica, paraparesis, urinary and fecal retention. The diagnosis of paraganglioma was confirmed by immunohistochemical positivity for chromogranin after microsurgical resection of the tumor.

Design and Build Flotocombines and Water Combines Based on the Principle of Biosimile

In the article offered to the attention of readers, for the first time in the world literature, both the theoretical foundations for creating flotocombines based on a multi-stage and generalized flotation model are considered, and practical recommendations based on the principles of biosimile. Possible schemes of flotocombines of the KBS type and special purpose are shown. New aeration systems for use in various flotation apparatus, including flotocombines, are considered. Practical examples of the use of new flotation equipment are described. It is offered to a wide range of readers, including researchers, university professors, graduate students, masters, bachelors and senior students.

Monetary Policy Targets and Macroeconomic Equilibrium. Some Theoretical Remarks

Purpose: The article attempts to systematize the strategies undertaken by individual countries (groups of countries) after the 2007+ crisis with regard to stabilizing prices and supporting economic recovery. It is about highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of particular types of strategies as well as opportunities and threats related to their implementation. Methodology: In the theoretical analysis, three types of economies were distinguished, using as a criterion the orientation of a given economy towards securing price stability or supporting economic recovery. The classical dynamized AD-AS model, commonly used in macroeconomics, and the SWOT analysis were used as a research tool. Findings: The basis for differences in the approach of economic authorities of individual countries to the problem of stabilizing prices or supporting economic recovery is the mandate of the central bank. Depending on the type of strategy implemented by the central bank, individual countries and groups of countries react diametrically to exogenous shocks, which results in different results in terms of economic growth and employment. Practical Implications: The results can be utilized by central authorities (central banks) in formulating assumptions and forecasts of monetary policy. Originality / Value: The paper contains an original division of countries / groups of countries due to their orientation in the field of medium-term stabilization policy. The analyzes of these countries are also original, having no equivalent in the world literature on this subject.

TO ASSESS THE INCIDENCE OF DVT AMONG PATIENTS OF LOWER LIMB SURGERIES /LOWER LIMB TRAUMA ADMITTED TO ST. STEPHEN?S HOSPITAL

Background: This study therefore aimed to assess the incidence of DVT among patients of lower limb surgeries /lower limb trauma admitted to St. Stephen?s hospital Methods: The prospective study was conducted at St Stephen?s hospital from Jan 2019 to December 2019 for duration of 1 year, and 104 patients were part of the study. Results: The overall prevalence of DVT in our study was found to be 2.8%. Out of 3 DVT cases 2 were found in males (3.4%) and 1 was a female (2.1%). Conclusion: There is comparable incidence of DVT in our patients as compared to the incidence found in world literature. There is a need to institute DVT prophylaxis in patients undergoing major lower limb surgeries. Keywords: DVT, Lower limb, Trauma

CAṄKA ILAKKIYATTIL VĀṈIYAL [ASTRONOMY IN SANGAM LITERATURE]

Tamil science is the knowledge that has traditionally been developed, used and explained scientifically by Tamils. It also refers to the contribution that Tamil is making to science today. Tamil science is found in many fields such as linguistics, medicine, architecture, agriculture, biology, mathematics and astronomy. It is noteworthy that the Tamils ​​who had various technologies also had the basic science for it. Sangam literature is interspersed with versatile messages. Admired as world literature, it contains news from a variety of disciplines. It is known that the Sangam periodicals became versatile due to this. Many world scholars have studied and praised the astronomical news found by the Tamils. Tamils ​​refer to those who know astronomy as 'virgins'. Literary evidence also suggests that the computer predicts time with the motions of a planet orbiting in the sky. The literature is a testament to the fact that Tamils ​​are the ones who know the scientific method of measuring the planets and atmospheres of the sky, their movements and time scales. The Sangam poets knew that there were various planets and galaxies in the sky. News about the Sun, Earth, Jupiter, Mercury, Venus, Saturn, and the satellite Moon is found in the association songs. News about dental galaxies has also been reported in Sangam literature. It is also possible to know that the Tamils ​​who guided the polar fish at night knew the four directions during the day with the help of the sun.

Dissemination of Lithuanian Literature: Becoming Part of World Literature

The article discusses the policy of dissemination of national literature abroad as one of the soft power practices used for the formation of the image of the country and the country’s literature, created through the translated and published works of Lithuanian authors in foreign languages. It also reviews the current situation, the selection of the works to be translated, institutions and bodies in charge of this dissemination, and problems of the research on the reception of the works (authors) translated into foreign languages.

“Bobok” as a Mirror of Surprise

The article considers the phenomenon, on the one hand, of a mirror, in which any thing, subject, person, first of all, is fixed in a reflection that makes it possible to observe oneself for the sake of self — understanding, on the other hand, the boundaries, mainly the boundaries between life and death, which can be crossed for the same purpose with the help of certain mental and physiological processes that affect the psycho — emotional state (in this case, sleep). Both phenomena, which seem similar, are in fact different: in one case, the emphasis is placed on contemplation, in the other — on speculation and hearing, tuned to the voice of another world. It is not by chance that Dostoevsky chose the place of the event: the cemetery as the border between life and death and the cemetery monument as a symbol of memory, where the hero “thought accordingly”. Since the hero of the story is in an inadequate state after the funeral, the theme of menippea, a seriously funny genre, appears as if by itself, especially since M. M. Bakhtin considered the story “Bobok” “one of the greatest menippe in world literature.” The author of the article considers Bakhtin's approach to the story from the standpoint of menippea justified, because he defines this genre not from the point of view of the effect it produces on the reader, but from the standpoint of the philosophy of action, which Bakhtin considered to be the true definition of this genre. The author draws attention to the “logic of turning”, or tropologic, on the basis of which the story is built with its oxymorons, comparisons, and irony. The story, according to the author, is characterized not by ambivalence, but by the convergence of beginnings and ends. The philosophical thought of one of the characters in the story correlates the thoughts of the living and the dead, i.e. those who are in different space-time realities, so that they seem to be embedded in each other. This similarity, which does not deprive the story of carnivalization, which always deals with duality, is internally focused on the idea of like-mindedness having one source, anticipating the question that has not yet been born about the way of modifying being in possibility into being in reality.