Towards a Cognitively Based Quantification of Metrical Dissonance

Metrical dissonance is a powerful tool for creating and manipulating musical tension. The relative extent of tension can be more or less acute depending (in part) on the type of dissonance used and moving among those dissonance types can contribute to the shape of a musical work. This chapter sets out a model for quantifying relative dissonance that incorporates experimentally substantiated principles of cognitive science. A supplementary webpage [**html page] provides an interactive guide for testing out these ideas, and a further online supplement [**URL—included in the main text as Section \ref{sec:online}] provides mathematical formalizations for the principles discussed. We begin with a basic model of metre where a metrical position’s weight is given simply by the number of pulse levels coinciding there. This alone enables a telling categorization of displacement dissonances for simple metres and a first sense of the relative differences between them. These arbitrary weighting ‘values’ are then refined on the basis of tempo and pulse salience. This provides a more subtle set of gradations that reflect the cognitive experience of metre somewhat better while still retaining a clear sense of the simple principles that govern relative dissonance. Additionally, this chapter sees the model applied in a brief, illustrative analysis and in a preliminary extension to ‘mixed’ metres (5s, 7s,…). This sheds light on known problems such as the relative stability of mixed metres in different rotations, and suggests a new way of thinking about mixed metres’ relative susceptibility to metrical dissonance.

Final – ww in the Late Egyptian Orthography: A Linguistic Assessment

Summary Various words in Late Egyptian texts present a final sequence –ww that is absent in earlier attestations and does not have any obvious etymological justification. No systematic discussion of these –ww, and not explanation for their use, has been offered so far. The present paper aims at filling this gap through a systematic reassessment of the phonological characteristics of a comprehensive corpus of words displaying this marker –ww. The results suggest that this marker is related in function with the so called spacefillers discussed in Kilani 2017; in particular it appears to be added at the end of words characterized by a stressed back vowel adjacent to a labial consonant w, b, p, f or m, and possibly ˓. Some considerations about the possible underlying linguistic reality and the rational for the use of this marker are added at the end of the article. One instance of the marker –ww in a magic spell of P. BM EA 9997 IV, and its possible role in clarifying a potentially ambiguous pronunciation of the associated verb, is discussed in a final Addendum. An appendix with the reconstruction of the vocalization for the words that survive in Coptic is provided here. A second appendix with the whole corpus is provided as online supplement.

Modes: Cohesive Personality States and their Inter-relationships as Organizing Concepts in Psychopathology

We propose a transdiagnostic approach which centers on modes, state-like manifestations of personality that function as cohesive organizational units. Modes are characterized by specific profiles of affects, behaviors, cognitions, and desires that tend to be co-activated. Each mode is typically experienced as having its own distinct experiential and agentic qualities. A mode-based approach to psychopathology builds on recent analytic and methodological developments which demonstrate the value of modeling personality states dynamically, as well as on longstanding theoretical and empirical traditions that highlight the pragmatic clinical utility of such conceptualizations. We seek to illustrate how the conceptualization of psychopathology in terms of modes and their dynamic inter-relations holds considerable transdiagnostic promise. As background, we review both theory and research from philosophical accounts of selfhood, developmental psychology, social and personality psychology, and diverse psychotherapy models which lay the foundation for this mode-based approach to psychopathology. We elaborate on this foundation and (in Section I of our online supplement) provide examples of the approach’s explicit or implicit relevance to several classes of psychopathology, including dissociative, trauma-related, mood, anxiety, obsessional, substance, psychotic, and personality disorders. After addressing the clinical utility of mode-based conceptualizations, we lay out a research blueprint for assessing and modeling modes, and (in Section II of the online supplement) present a broader research agenda highlighting intriguing empirical questions regarding modes in psychopathology. We conclude by noting that the time seems ripe for modes to be (re-)introduced as an organizing construct for understanding psychopathology and personality.

Online Supplement to “Categorization of Medication Safety Errors in Ambulatory Electronic Health Records”

This supplementary material has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work.

Online Supplement to "Wrong-Site Surgery in Pennsylvania During 2015–2019: A Study of Variables Associated With 368 Events From 178 Facilities"

This supplementary material has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work.