Solid–liquid equilibria for a pyrrolidinium-based common-cation ternary ionic liquid system, and for a pyridinium-based ternary reciprocal ionic liquid system: an experimental study and a thermodynamic model

DSC measurements and thermodynamic models are presented for a common-cation pyrrolidinium-based ternary system and a pyridinium-based ternary reciprocal system.

Phase equilibria in the ternary reciprocal system Li, Ba // BO2, F and growth of bulk β-BaB2O4 crystals

In order to find the optimum solvent for the growth of nonlinear optical β-BaB2O4 crystals, the phase relationships in the ternary reciprocal system Li, Ba // BO2, F have been studied using solid state synthesis, differential thermal analysis and X-ray powder diffraction. Isothermal and polythermal sections of the system Li, Ba // BO2, F are reported. In the studied system, the following compounds are formed: LiBa2B5O10 (melts by peritectic reaction at 930°C, i.e. 1203 K) and LiBaF3 (melts incongruently at 850°C, i.e. 1123 K). Visual polythermal analysis of seeding and growth of β-BaB2O4 crystals in this system was carried out. The primary crystallization field of β-BaB2O4 was defined. Using the top-seeded pulling technique, a β-BaB2O4 crystal of 93 mm in diameter, 34 mm in height and 520 g in weight has been grown.