Effect of Repeated Starvation on Serum Insulin Level and the Enzyme Overshoot in Liver

The responses of serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), malic enzyme (ME), and total liver lipid to starvation and refeeding were studied in male Wistar rats. All parameters studied were reduced by starvation. In rats refed a high-carbohydrate diet for 2 days, G6PD, ME, and total liver lipid rose to over twice the ad-libitum-fed values; IRI was approximately at or below ad-libitum-fed values. Treatment of rats with 8-azaguanine prevented the overshoot of G6PD, ME, and total liver fat, but did not prevent return to ad-libitum-fed values. A second cycle of starvation refeeding induced an even greater overshoot of G6PD and ME, while the overshoot of total liver lipid was not different from that observed after the first starve–refeed cycle, and serum insulin levels were again normal. Treatment with 8-azaguanine during the second refeeding only allowed G6PD and ME to reach approximately twice ad-libitum-fed values. Two basic conclusions were drawn from the data: (1) that hyperlipogenesis in starved–refed rats is not due to continuous hyperinsulism, and (2) that the newly formed RNA responsible in part for the enzyme overshoot is relatively stable.

Evaluation of Four Stock Diets for Liver Lipid Research on Rats. II. Fatty Acid Patterns of Total Lipid Extracts

Fatty acid patterns of total liver lipid extracts were determined for groups of young rats fed ad libitum on four different diets. The diets were both of natural and semisynthetic composition in which fat content was 3.6–5.5%. Animals were supplied with diet at weaning and sacrificed after 3 weeks. The results indicate that the liver fatty acid patterns were independent of the dietary fatty acid patterns. However, significant differences in liver fatty acid patterns resulting from the feeding of the different diets were observed for hexadecanoate, 9-octadecenoate, 9,12-octadecadienoate, 9,12, 15-octadecatrienoate, eicosanoate, and decosanoate. No significant differences were observed for 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoate regardless of the diet fed.