$$\alpha $$-Modulation Spaces for Step Two Stratified Lie Groups

We define and investigate $$\alpha $$ α -modulation spaces $$M_{p,q}^{s,\alpha }(G)$$ M p , q s , α ( G ) associated to a step two stratified Lie group G with rational structure constants. This is an extension of the Euclidean $$\alpha $$ α -modulation spaces $$M_{p,q}^{s,\alpha }({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$ M p , q s , α ( R n ) that act as intermediate spaces between the modulation spaces ($$\alpha = 0$$ α = 0 ) in time-frequency analysis and the Besov spaces ($$\alpha = 1$$ α = 1 ) in harmonic analysis. We will illustrate that the group structure and dilation structure on G affect the boundary cases $$\alpha = 0,1$$ α = 0 , 1 where the spaces $$M_{p,q}^{s}(G)$$ M p , q s ( G ) and $${\mathcal {B}}_{p,q}^{s}(G)$$ B p , q s ( G ) have non-standard translation and dilation symmetries. Moreover, we show that the spaces $$M_{p,q}^{s,\alpha }(G)$$ M p , q s , α ( G ) are non-trivial and generally distinct from their Euclidean counterparts. Finally, we examine how the metric geometry of the coverings $${\mathcal {Q}}(G)$$ Q ( G ) underlying the $$\alpha = 0$$ α = 0 case $$M_{p,q}^{s}(G)$$ M p , q s ( G ) allows for the existence of geometric embeddings $$\begin{aligned} F:M_{p,q}^{s}({\mathbb {R}}^k) \longrightarrow {} M_{p,q}^{s}(G), \end{aligned}$$ F : M p , q s ( R k ) ⟶ M p , q s ( G ) , as long as k (that only depends on G) is small enough. Our approach naturally gives rise to several open problems that is further elaborated at the end of the paper.

Carleson measure characterizations of the Campanato type space associated with Schrödinger operators on stratified Lie groups

Let {\mathcal{L}=-{\Delta}_{\mathbb{G}}+V} be a Schrödinger operator on the stratified Lie group {\mathbb{G}}, where {{\Delta}_{\mathbb{G}}} is the sub-Laplacian and the nonnegative potential V belongs to the reverse Hölder class {B_{q_{0}}} with {q_{0}>\mathcal{Q}/2} and {\mathcal{Q}} is the homogeneous dimension of {\mathbb{G}}. In this article, by Campanato type spaces {\Lambda^{\alpha}_{\mathcal{L}}(\mathbb{G})}, we introduce Hardy type spaces associated with {\mathcal{L}} denoted by {H^{{p}}_{\vphantom{\varepsilon}{\mathcal{L}}}(\mathbb{G})} and prove the atomic characterization of {H^{{p}}_{\vphantom{\varepsilon}{\mathcal{L}}}(\mathbb{G})}. Further, we obtain the following duality relation:\Lambda_{\mathcal{L}}^{\mathcal{Q}(1/p-1)}(\mathbb{G})=(H^{{p}}_{\vphantom{% \varepsilon}{\mathcal{L}}}(\mathbb{G}))^{\ast},\quad\mathcal{Q}/(\mathcal{Q}+% \delta)<p<1\quad\text{for}\ \delta=\min\{1,2-\mathcal{Q}/q_{0}\}.The above relation enables us to characterize {\Lambda^{\alpha}_{\mathcal{L}}(\mathbb{G})} via two families of Carleson measures generated by the heat semigroup and the Poisson semigroup, respectively. Also, we obtain two classes of perturbation formulas associated with the semigroups related to {\mathcal{L}}. As applications, we obtain the boundedness of the Littlewood–Paley function and the Lusin area function on {\Lambda^{\alpha}_{\mathcal{L}}(\mathbb{G})}.

The Higher Order Riesz Transform andBMOType Space Associated with Schrödinger Operators on Stratified Lie Groups

Assume thatGis a stratified Lie group andQis the homogeneous dimension ofG. Let-Δbe the sub-Laplacian onGandW≢0a nonnegative potential belonging to certain reverse Hölder classBsfors≥Q/2. LetL=-Δ+Wbe a Schrödinger operator on the stratified Lie groupG. In this paper, we prove the boundedness of some integral operators related toL, such asL-1∇2,L-1W, andL-1(-Δ) on the spaceBMOL(G).