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2022 ◽  
pp. 173-193
Author(s):  
Neslihan Turguttopbaş

The purpose of this chapter is testing the existence of the green bond premium in the secondary market by using a most update data set involving the market developments in the pandemia times. The variables such as rating, sector, amount of the issue, maturity, and external review are balanced by using a matching procedure of a green bond with conventional bond issued by the same issuer. The ask-bid spread differential is regressed by using a panel regression method under fixed and random effects. The results of the analysis revealed that there exists negative premium of 39 basis points, and the green bond premium is more profound for USD denominated twins than for Euro ones as there exist a negative premium of 59 basis points for USD-denominated green bonds whereas it is -26 basis points for Euro-denominated bonds.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Ryerson ◽  
W Bartling ◽  
W Dietrich ◽  
D DePaolo ◽  
K Knudsen ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Pluta

Validation documents are key documents in a pharmaceutical manufacturing facility. Validation documents must be carefully written for internal and external review including audit by regulatory inspectors; they may be accessed numerous times during a product lifetime. The most frequently reviewed validation documents are Stage 2 Process Performance Qualification documents.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Pluta

Validation documents are key documents in a pharmaceutical manufacturing facility. Validation documents must be carefully written for internal and external review including audit by regulatory inspectors; they may be accessed numerous times during a product lifetime. The most frequently reviewed validation documents are Stage 2 Process Performance...


2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Madelin R. Siedler ◽  
Priscila Lamadrid ◽  
Megan N. Humphries ◽  
Reem A. Mustafa ◽  
Yngve Falck-Ytter ◽  
...  

While numerous guidelines for the prescription of physical activity are released each year, the quality and practicability of these guidelines is unknown. We assessed the quality of 95 guidance documents published since 2000 that included recommendations about physical activity for the promotion of general health and prevention of cardiometabolic disease. We used 3 tools: Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II), the National Academy of Medicine’s (NAM) Standards for Trustworthy Clinical Practice Guidelines, and the Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type (FITT) score. Average AGREE II domain scores ranged from 38%−84%, and the portion of criteria fulfilled per NAM domain ranged from 7%–39%. The average FITT score for all recommendations was 2.48 out of 4. While guidelines improved according to both AGREE II and the NAM standards over time, their practicability as assessed by FITT score did not improve. Guidelines produced by governmental agencies or other nonprofit organizations, using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, or fulfilling a higher number of NAM criteria tended to be of higher quality. Organizations producing physical activity guidelines can improve their quality by establishing and reporting processes for public representation, external review, and conflict of interest (COI) management. Future recommendations about physical activity should be more specific and include strategies to improve implementation. Registration no.: PROSPERO CRD42019126364. Novelty: Most physical activity recommendations are not sufficiently specific to be practically implemented. The overall quality of guidelines has improved over time, but the specificity of recommendations has not. Improved public representation, external review, and COI disclosure and management processes would improve guideline quality.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Toni Rewiri ◽  
Veraneeca Taiepa ◽  
Rosemary Dewerse

At Te Whare Wānanga o Wairaka/Unitec Institute of Technology, located in Auckland, our partnership agreement, Te Noho Kotahitanga, is inspiring us to apply kaupapa Māori to strengthen our ability in evaluative conversation, in response to an external review. Āta-kōrero, an evaluative frame drawn from the work of Taina Whakaatere Pohatu in Āta, is being applied and developed via action research. Āta-kōrero is a five-step process that moves from the gathering of evidence (Āta-haere), through its consideration (Āta-titiro) and interpretation (Āta-whakaaro), to goal setting (Āta-tohutohu) and reporting (Āta-tuhi). Āta requires that this be done with great carefulness, deliberation, and thorough-going reflection, prioritising people. An initial pilot and two full implementation rounds with 65 teams delivering more than 80 programmes have been conducted since March 2019. Āta-kōrero is enabling evaluative conversation that is culturally responsive, collectively owned, increasingly rigorous, empowering, and aligned with expressed values.


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