ANALISIS PENGARUH PAPARAN FISIK PADA SAMPEL GIGI TERHADAP HASIL KUANTIFIKASI DNA FORENSIK MENGGUNAKAN METODE KIT PURIFIKASI DNA KOMERSIAL

Physical exposure to biological samples has an enormous influence on the results of forensic DNA analysis. The lack of molecular research on the effect of physical exposure on dental samples is the reason for the need for further research. This study aims to determine the effect of physical exposure on dental samples on the results of forensic DNA quantification. The parameter used is the concentration value of isolated DNA obtained from real time PCR analysis. The use of real time PCR allows the detection and quantification of specific sequences of DNA samples at the same time to be analyzed. The dental samples used were obtained from different individuals. Teeth are used as identification media because teeth are the hardest part of the body and are chemically the most stable and most resistant to degradation and decomposition. The method in this study is to give three types of treatment to the tested samples in the form of sea water immersion, river water immersion and exposure to free air at room temperature with each treatment consisting of three test samples. All samples were extracted using a Commercial DNA purification KIT with a reagent in the form of a Qiagen KIT (QIAamp® DNA Investigator) then a quantification process was carried out to see the value of the DNA concentration of each sample using real time PCR. The results of DNA quantification of dental samples from each treatment showed that the highest sample concentration value was based on the average of each treatment, namely samples with treatments exposed to free air at room temperature with a concentration value of 1.34 ng/µl, followed by samples soaked using river water with a concentration value of 0.15 ng/µl, while the sample with the lowest concentration is shown by a sample treated with seawater immersion with a concentration value of 0.10 ng/µl. Physical exposure in the form of exposure to free air, exposure to river water and exposure to sea water on dental samples, gave a not too significant effect on the results of DNA quantification produced.

Evaluating Different Measures of Low Back Pain Among U.S. Manual Materials Handling Workers: Comparisons of Demographic, Psychosocial, and Job Physical Exposure

Objective To examine differences in demographic, psychosocial, and job physical exposure risk factors between multiple low back pain (LBP) outcomes in a prospective cohort of industrial workers. Background LBP remains a leading cause of lost industrial productivity. Different case definitions involving pain (general LBP), medication use (M-LBP), seeking healthcare (H-LBP), and lost time (L-LBP) are often used to study LBP outcomes. However, the relationship between these outcomes remains unclear. Method Demographic, health status, psychosocial, and job physical exposure risk factors were quantified for 635 incident-eligible industrial workers. Incident cases of LBP outcomes and pain symptoms were quantified and compared across the four outcomes. Results Differences in age, gender, medical history, and LBP history were found between the four outcomes. Most incident-eligible workers (67%) suffered an LBP outcome during follow-up. Cases decreased from 420 for LBP (25.4 cases/100 person-years) to 303 for M-LBP (22.0 cases/100 person-years), to 151 for H-LBP (15.6 cases/100 person-years), and finally to 56 for L-LBP (8.7 cases/100 person-years). Conversely, pain intensity and duration increased from LBP to H-LBP. However, pain duration was relatively lower for L-LBP than for H-LBP. Conclusion Patterns of cases, pain intensity, and pain duration suggest the influence of the four outcomes. However, few differences in apparent risk factors were observed between the outcomes. Further research is needed to establish consistent case definitions. Application Knowledge of patterns between different LBP outcomes can improve interpretation of research and guide future research and intervention studies in industry.

Government effectiveness and institutions as determinants of tropical cyclone mortality

Strong institutions as well as economic development are generally understood to play critical roles in protecting societies from the adverse impacts of natural hazards, such as tropical cyclones. The independent effect of institutions on reducing these risks, however, has not been confirmed empirically in previous global studies. As a storm’s path and intensity influence the severity of the damages and may be spatially correlated with human vulnerabilities, failing to accurately capture physical exposure in an econometric analysis may result in imprecise and biased estimates of the influence of the independent variables. Here, we develop an approach to control for physical exposure by spatially interacting meteorological and socioeconomic data for over 1,000 tropical cyclone disasters from 1979 to 2016. We find evidence that higher levels of national government effectiveness are associated with lower tropical cyclone mortality, even when controlling for average income and other socioeconomic conditions. Within countries, deaths are higher when strong winds are concentrated over areas of the country with elevated infant mortality rates, an indicator of institutional effectiveness through public service delivery. These results suggest that policies and programs to enhance institutional capacity and governance can support risk reduction from extreme weather events.

Physical exposure during patient transfer and risk of back injury & low-back pain: prospective cohort study

Background Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common among healthcare workers. Because frequent patient transfer has been associated with increased risk of MSDs, we aim to quantify the physical load associated with commonly-used assistive devices and to investigate associations between accumulated physical exposure and risk of MSDs. Methods By applying an exposure matrix based on objective measurements of electromyography and trunk flexion on a large (n = 1285) prospective cohort, intensity of low-back pain (LBP) and odds of back injury at 1-year follow-up were modelled using linear models and logistic regressions, respectively. The cohort was divided into groups according to physical exposure; i.e. low (1st quartile), moderate (2nd and 3rd quartiles) and high (4th quartile) exposure. Results Exposure profiles are provided for 9 groups of assistive devices, with ceiling lifts and intelligent beds eliciting the lowest physical exposure. In the fully-adjusted model, we report differences in LBP intensity at follow-up between the low and moderate exposure groups (p = 0.0085). No difference was found between the moderate and high exposure groups (p = 0.2967). Likewise, we find no associations between physical exposure and odds of back injury at 1-year follow-up, with a prevalence of 11, 13 and 11% for the three groups, respectively. Conclusions Low physical exposure during patient transfer was prospectively associated with lower intensity of LBP. Consistent use of assistive devices associated with low physical exposure, namely ceiling-lifts and intelligent beds, may play a role in reducing the incidence of MSDs among healthcare workers.

Physical Exposure during Patient Transfer and Risk of Back Injury & Low-back Pain: Prospective Cohort Study

BackgroundWork-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are more common among healthcare workers compared with most other professions. Because frequent patient transfer has been associated with increased risk of MSDs, we aim to quantify the physical load associated with commonly used assistive devices and to investigate associations between accumulated physical exposure during patient transfer and risk of MSDs.MethodsBy applying an exposure matrix based on measure¬ments of electromyography and trunk flexion on a large (n=1285) prospective cohort, intensity of low-back pain (LBP) and risk of back injury at 1-year follow-up were modelled using a linear model and logistic regressions, respectively. The cohort was divided into groups based on physical exposure; i.e. low (1st quartile), moderate (2nd and 3rd quartiles) and high (4th quartile) exposure.ResultsExposure profiles are provided for 9 groups of assistive devices, with ceiling lifts and intelligent beds eliciting the lowest physical exposure. In the fully-adjusted model, we report differences in LBP intensity at follow-up between the low and moderate exposure groups (p=0.0085). No differ-ence was found between the moderate and high exposure groups (p=0.2967). Likewise, we find no associations between physical exposure and risk of back injury at 1-year follow-up, with a prevalence of 11%, 13% and 11% for the three groups, respectively. ConclusionsLow physical exposure during patient transfer was prospectively associated with lower intensity of LBP. Consistent use of assistive devices associ¬ated with low physical exposure, namely ceiling-lifts and intelligent beds, may play a role in reducing the prevalence of MSDs among healthcare workers.