The treatment method of persistent macula edema after phaco-vitrectomy

Purpose. To show the result of treatment of persistent macular edema as complication of chronic uveitis after phaco-vitrectomy. Material and methods. At this clinical case we show the results of treatment one patient, who was treated at the ophthalmological clinic «EYE Doctor», Almaty, Kazakhstan. He had complication of chronic uveitis as persistent macular edema after phaco-vitrectomy. The complex treatment (instillation of non-steroid anti-inflammation drops and subtenon injection of diprospan) was unsuccessful. Results. The result of treatment is successful; we get stable decrease of severity of cystoid macular edema and stabilization of visual acuity. Conclusion: This method allows to decrease the cystoid macular edema and to stable the visual acuity. It helps us to treat the patients, when other methods are unsuccessful and there is no financial possibility for treatment with intravitreal injection «Ozurdex». Key words: persistent macular edema, chronic uveitis, Diprospan, intravitreal injection.

Optic Disc Segmentation in Diabetic Retinopathy using Image Processing

Diabetic Retinopathy and Glaucoma are optic diseases that involve optic disk identification, which is a crucial phase in the current diagnostic tools that can be computerized. When these diseases are identified early by any screening applications, measures may be taken to avoid blindness. Early indicators of the numerous illness such as Macula Edema, Diabetic Retinopathy and Glaucoma are the changes in the anatomy structures in the retina of the human eye which also has the inclusion of the retinal vasculature. Of these, the Optic Disc is the most crucial feature, as its visible factors are essential for the identification of glaucoma and other disease-related assessments called Diabetic Retinopathy. In this paper, we present methods to detect the likelihood of Diabetic Retinopathy being present from fundus images. This technique starts with pre-processing on the optic retinal image to concentrate on the main area of the disease that we need to identify. Afterwards we apply Image processing algorithms to detect the optic disk. Detecting the optic disc is vital because it is the origin of all the nerves and detecting the position and radius of optic disc can be used as the reference for approximating fovea i.e. a pit like area responsible for vision. Size and shape of optic disc is responsible for diagnosing the disease. Therefore, this paper addresses the analysis of different techniques to detect the optic disc.

Controversial roles for dexamethasone in glioblastoma – Opportunities for novel vascular targeting therapies

Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive and treatment resistant primary brain tumor. Features of glioblastoma include peritumoral cerebral edema, the major contributor to neurological impairment. Although the current clinical approach to edema management is administration of the synthetic corticoid dexamethasone, increasing evidence indicates numerous adverse effects of dexamethasone on glioblastoma burden at the molecular, cellular and clinical level. The contradictions of dexamethasone for glioblastoma and brain metastasis therapy are discussed in this article. Finally, alternative strategies for cerebrovascular edema therapy with vascular stabilizing, anti-permeability agents that are either approved or in clinical trials for diabetic retinopathy and macula edema, are addressed.