Male apparel disposal: case study of consignment versus donation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the apparel disposal process and explore, specifically, male disposal through consignment vs donation disposal modes. This study hopes to uncover not only the process but the influences that motivate these behaviors. Design/methodology/approach Observations at two sites included conversational interviews with employees as well as consumers disposing apparel through these sites. Collection took place over two months with 26 interviews taking place. Findings Themes of seasonal change and financial incentive suggest the use of consignment as a separate process for consumers from donation. Consignment suggested value, while donation was viewed as a habit. Research limitations/implications Previous research as well as the findings of this study suggest that apparel donation is similar across genders. They also suggest that consignment is viewed by male consumers as a separate action from donation. Originality/value Little to no research has been conducted to understand male apparel disposal, studies on disposal has focused primarily on college-aged females (i.e. Morgan and Birtwistle, 2009). This study adds to a limited body of work to understand the differences and very possible similarities across genders in this behavior.

Problems Concerning the International Law-Making Practice of ASEAN: A Reply to Chen Zhida

The separate legal personality of ASEAN, an international organization, is a matter of some significance. ASEAN is capable of separate action and can carry rights and obligations on the international plane, as a distinct entity from its Member States. In this Journal, Chen Zhida advances the proposition that ASEAN is entitled to conclude treaties on behalf of its Member States, a practice which, it is argued, should be valid at international law. This paper responds by drawing attention to the difficulties with this argument on technical and conceptual grounds. For technical reasons, it is important to make a meaningful distinction in the ASEAN practice of concluding instruments such as Memoranda of Understandings, which can be distinguished from treaties. At a conceptual level, the treaty practice of ASEAN as a separate legal person must be based on what was consented to by Member States in the ASEAN Charter, a constituent instrument.

The Influence of Based on Polyalcohols Additive on the Cement Paste Shrinkage

The influence of a shrink-resistant “Estrifan Additive RCL” additives on the cement paste shrinkage was researched. The cement paste shrinkage is reduced when we use this additive. When the content of additives is more than 2 % there is expansion in the initial stage of hardening. The extension period is longer and the value of expansion deformation is higher, the additive dosage is higher. The presence of superplasticizer Muraplast FК48 enhances the initial expansion effect and shrinkage decrease by reducing the rate of evaporation of water. On the contrary, in a separate action superplasticizer increases the cement paste shrinkage.

Action research in management

This paper attempts to separate Action Research from more traditional or orthodox research methods in management, especially experiments and surveys. It is argued that in many respects Action Research is a reaction against the failure of conventional methods to provide generalizations about the behaviour of individuals in organizations that are both valid and useful for managers. A number of reasons for this failure are advanced. Action Research is seen as a legitimate alternative to conventional research methods and one that is worth pursuing. Examples of two common techniques employed in Action Research are briefly described, namely, sensitivity training and survey feedback.