The Use of Cone Beam CT in Dental, Oral, and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Otolaryngology Settings

The objective of this Environmental Scan was to determine how cone beam CT (CBCT) is being used in Canada, to identify the types of professionals conducting CBCT exams, and to identify the training requirements for CBCT operators. This scan was informed by a literature search and survey of a sample representation from various clinical settings across Canada. Survey responses were received from Ontario, British Columbia, Manitoba, Prince Edward Island, and Alberta. More than a third of responses were received from dentists in Ontario. Ionizing radiation has been shown to be a risk factor for the development of malignancy. Since CBCT delivers a higher dose of radiation compared to conventional 2-D imaging, it is important to ensure that the level of exposure to radiation is as low as possible. Based on responses from the survey, CBCT scans appear to be most commonly being used for dental implantology planning in adults. CBCT also appears to be commonly used for detection of impacted teeth, detection of oral and facial cysts, tumours, and endodontic imaging in adults. Survey feedback suggests that CBCT is rarely used in children, who are the most sensitive to the effects of ionizing radiation. With the exception of 1 respondent, survey feedback suggested that CBCT is not typically being used for infants and children younger than the age of 5. Respondents rarely used CBCT for children aged 5 to 9 years. The most common procedures used in children 5 years to 17 years of age appear to be for the detection of impacted teeth and the detection of oral and facial cysts, and tumours. Across all age groups, respondents rarely used CBCT for caries (tooth decay) detection, gum disease detection, nasal septum imaging, and cleft palate imaging. No respondents reported using CBCT for plastic surgery, inner ear imaging, or skull and cranial imaging; however, this may be because of the responses being primarily from dentists. A wide range of radiation dose levels associated with CBCT use were reported in the survey, depending on the age group, specific procedure, and the radiation dose metric used. Educational provisions in place for CBCT operators to ensure safety and technical competence differs between the provinces, with some taking more structured approaches than others. The health professionals allowed to operate CBCT scanners also vary between provinces. Based on the survey results, dentists made up the bulk of health professionals currently conducting CBCT scans; however, dentists were also the most well-represented among survey respondents, which may have influenced this result. Several CBCT scanner models are currently being used in Canada. Most respondents indicated that CBCT scanners have imaging pre-sets that they use for the procedures they perform. Approximately half of respondents indicated that they have also defined their own imaging parameters for some procedures. Most of the CBCT systems being used include exposure tables, which the majority of respondents found easy to understand.

Creating and Maintaining Group Cohesion in Online University Classes

Group cohesion, defined simply as the feeling of camaraderie and shared goals among the members of a class, is a fundamental goal of language teachers in Japan and around the world. The body of work on group cohesion in face-to-face classes is fairly extensive, but as a result of the coronavirus pandemic, the majority of university educators in Japan were forced to shift to some form of distance learning. This study considers the issue of how instructors were able to create and maintain group cohesion in online courses, and to what extent face-to-face classes could be replicated online. Twenty-seven university instructors responded to the survey, which consisted of several open-ended questions. The results of that survey are reported here, along with recommendations the researchers were able to assemble based on survey feedback. 集団の結束力とは、端的に言って、生徒が友情を構築し目標を共有することと定義されるが、それは日本および世界中の語学教員の目標である。対面授業における集団の結束力に関する研究はかなり広範囲に及ぶが、コロナウイルスの大流行の結果、日本の大学教育者の大多数は何らかの遠隔教育を余儀なくされた。本論は、大学教員がオンライン授業で集団の結束力をどのように固め、維持することができたのか、また、対面式の授業をオンラインでどの程度再現できるのかという問題について検討した。27名の大学教員が、いくつかの自由記述の質問からなる調査に回答した。本論はその調査結果と、それに基づく提言を提示する

PELATIHAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN STRATEGI ONLINE MARKETING UNTUK MEMPERLUAS PASAR

Sebagai seorang entrepreneur harus selalu berupaya mencari ide kreatif agar usaha yang dijalankan dapat terus berjalan. Salah satu improvement yang dapat dilakukan adalah mengubah strategi pemasaran dari konvensional (offline) menjadi online atau yang sering disebut online/internet marketing terlebih lagi pada saat kondisi pandemic Covid-19 seperti saat ini. Untuk menjalankan online marketing memang tidak mudah dan butuh ketelatenan. Banyak para peserta yang beranggapan bahwa strategi online marketing sulit untuk dilaksanakan pada hal mereka menyadari bahwa strategi online marketing efektif untuk dilaksanakan terutama di saat-saat pandemic covid-19 ini sehingga pelatihan semacam ini penting untuk dilaksanakan untuk menghilangkan gap berupa ketidaktahuan para peserta. Pelatihan berjalan dengan lancar dan para peserta terlihat antusias dalam melaksanakan pelatihan ini terbukti dari banyaknya pertanyaan yang dilontarkan dan hasil survey feedback menyatakan bahwa 100% mereka setuju pelatihan membawa manfaat untuk pengembangan usaha. Kata kunci— entrepreneur, Covid-19, online marketing As the entrepreneur, they must always try to find creative ideas so that his business can continue to run. One of the improvements that can be made is to change the strategy from conventional (offline) marketing to online or what is often called online / internet marketing first during the Covid-19 pandemic conditions like today. To run online marketing is not easy and requires patience. Many participants thought that online marketing strategies were difficult to implement when they realized that an effective online marketing strategy was to be implemented, especially during this time of the Covid-19 pandemic, so this kind of training is important to carry out to eliminate the gap in the form of participants' ignorance. The training went well and the participants seemed enthusiastic in carrying out the training as evidenced by the many questions asked and the survey results which stated that 100% of them agreed that the training was beneficial for business development. Keywords—entrepreneur, Covid-19, online marketing

The Surfing Attacks Secured Password Authentication System

People enjoy the convenience of on-line services, but online environments may bring many risks. We propose a virtual password concept involving a small amount of human computing to secure users’ passwords in on-line environments. We adopt user determined randomized linear generation functions to secure users’ passwords based on the fact that a server has more information than any adversary does. We analyze how the proposed scheme defends against phishing, key logger, and shoulder-surfing attacks. To the best of our knowledge, our virtual password mechanism is the first one which is able to defend against all three attacks together. In this work, we discussed how to prevent users’ passwords from being stolen by adversaries. We proposed a virtual password concept involving a small amount of human computing to secure users’ passwords in on-line environments. We also implemented the system to do some tests and survey feedback indicates the feasibility of such a system. In this paper, we discuss how to prevent users’ passwords from being stolen by adversaries in online environments and automated teller machines. We propose differentiated virtual password mechanisms in which a user has the freedom to choose a virtual password scheme ranging from weak security to strong security, where a virtual password requires a small amount of human computing to secure users’ passwords. Among the schemes, we have a default method (i.e., traditional password scheme), system recommended functions, user-specified functions, user-specified programs, and so on. A function/program is used to implement the virtual password concept with a tradeoff of security for complexity requiring a small amount of human computing

Design of a Hospital Interactive Wayfinding System

United Nations reported the importance of wayfindng as part of providing sustainable and beneficial accessibility to the public in built environment such as a hospital. Despite this, the survey conducted in this study found that current wayfinding system in hospitals does not meet the requirements of the Malaysian demography which is multilingual and multicultural. Furthermore, the various literacy levels in this country make the design more challenging. The objective of this study is to design, develop and test a hospital interactive wayfinding system (HIWS) that is targeted towards the West Malaysian population. Using the established symbols that has been validated by other studies and from the survey feedback obtained, the HIWS was designed and developed and tested with 24 Malaysian users using the lab based user experience testing. Although the results seems promising whereby 83% of users liked the system, the qualitative feedback revealed various improvements to the system, that would be valuable to the design and development team to improve HIWS.

A Decision Tree Approach for Achieving High Customer Satisfaction at Urban Interchanges

This paper introduces a decision tree approach, which can be used for the assessment of the design, operation and services provided at urban transport interchanges. Realizing a customer satisfaction survey, feedback was received from 239 users of the Riga International Coach Terminal on crucial attributes, including: travel information, wayfinding information, time and movement, access, comfort and convenience, station attractiveness, safety and security, emergency situation handling and overall satisfaction. Findings revealed the most significant parameters that need to be addressed in order to increase users’ satisfaction, which can gradually improve the overall attractiveness of the terminal and the efficient provision of its services.