An Alternative Explanation of the Orbital Expansion of Titan and Other Bodies in the Solar System

Recently it was found from Cassini data that the mean recession speed of Titan from Saturn is v = 11.3 ± 2.0 cm/yr which corresponds to a tidal quality factor of Saturn Q ≈ 100 while the standard estimate yields Q ≥ 6 · 104 . It was assumed that such a large speed v is due to a resonance locking mechanism of five inner mid-sized moons of Saturn. In this paper, we show that an essential part of v may come from a local Hubble expansion, where the Hubble-Lemaˆıtre constant H0 recalculated to the Saturn-Titan distance D is 8.15 cm/(yrD). Our hypothesis is based on many other observations showing a slight expansion of the Solar system and also of our Galaxy at a rate comparable with H0. We demonstrate that the large disproportion in estimating the Q factor can be just caused by the local expansion effect. [Accepted for publication in "Gravitation and Cosmology". The paper is to appear in Vol. 28, Issue 2 (2022) of the journal Gravitation and Cosmology.]

Verification of the Thermal Expansion Effect of Silicone Molds Intended for Production of the Prototype Components using Vacuum Casting Technology

The article deals with vacuum casting technology and especially with the assessment of the influence of the tempering temperature of silicone molds on the dimensions of future castings. The aim was to evaluate the actual size of the castings, using different tempering temperatures of the molds and different casting materials. After examining the resulting dimensions of the individual castings, a procedure was established by which these effects could be minimized. In the end, a test of the proposed procedure is performed, which confirmed its correctness.

An analysis method for the performance of compliant cylindrical intershaft gas film seal considering centrifugal expansion effect

A compliant cylindrical gas film seal has the potential to adapt to the complex operating conditions of a dual-rotor aeroengine, with radial runout and eccentricity, due to its special structural characteristics. To accurately investigate the seal performance of a compliant cylindrical gas film seal on dual-rotor shafts, an aeroelastic coupling method is proposed. This method analyzes the performance of a compliant cylindrical intershaft gas film seal by taking the centrifugal expansion effect into consideration. The seal performance under homodromy and counter-rotating conditions, with and without the centrifugal expansion effect, is calculated, and various performance parameters are compared and analyzed. Furthermore, the influence mechanism of the direction of rotation of the two rotors on seal performance is revealed. The results show that seal performance under homodromy condition is greater than under counter-rotating condition, and for an aeroengine under homodromy condition, it is advantageous to apply the compliant cylindrical intershaft gas film seal. The effect of centrifugal expansion (in large-diameter and high-speed rotors) and rotor eccentricity on the performance of a compliant cylindrical intershaft gas film seal, as well as the impact of inner and outer rotor speed on leakage rate, are analyzed and presented in this study. The proposed aeroelastic coupling method provides a promising guidance for the performance analysis of the compliant cylindrical gas film seal in single and dual- rotor systems.

Modeling and Simulation of Janus-like Nanoparticles Formation by Solid-Gas Exothermic Reactions

Theoretical model for the simulation of synthesis of Janus-like particles (JP) consisting two different phases using the Carbon Combustion Synthesis of Oxides (CCSO) is presented. The model includes the variation of sample initial porosity, carbon concentration and oxygen flow rate used to predict the formation of JP features. The two temperature (2T) combustion model of chemically active submicron-dispersed mixture of two phases including ferroelectric and ferromagnetic was implemented and assessed by using the experimentally estimated activation energy of 112±3.3 kJ/mol and combustion temperature. The experimental values allowed to account the thermal and concentration expansion effect along with the dispersion by the slip-jump simulation for high Knudsen numbers. The model predicted that the smaller initial porosity of the combustion media creates higher formation rate of Janus-like particles. The simulation of slippage and jumps of the gas temperature allowed the scale-bridging between macro- and micro- structures.

An analysis method of pressure characteristic for cylindrical intershaft gas film seal considering centrifugal expansion, rotor misalignment, and precession

To improve the weaknesses of large leakage and wear of dual-rotor intershaft labyrinth seal in aero-engines, the cylindrical gas film seal of metal rubber with a compliant feature is proposed to substitute this conventional seal. According to the dual-rotor operating condition, an analysis method of gas film pressure is presented considering the complex condition of rotor tilt, centrifugal expansion effect, and rotor circular precession. The characteristics of gas film pressure distribution are computed and comparisons are conducted in a complex operating state that the tilt rotor is in forward/backward circular precession under a homodromous/counter-rotating condition with/without the influence of centrifugal expansion. Besides, the formation mechanism of the gas film pressure caused by rotor rotational direction and circular precession direction is revealed. Also, the influence of rotor speed and seal ring speed on gas film pressure is analyzed when the rotor is tilted. The results indicate that for the dual-rotor cylindrical gas film seal with high rotating speed, the rotor tilt and centrifugal expansion effect have significant influence on the gas film pressure distribution, and the rotors’ rotational direction as well as rotor circular precession direction determines the maximum gas film pressure distribution area. The maximum pressure under a homodromous condition with backward precession is the highest; the maximum pressure under a homodromous condition with forward precession is the lowest. The former is 1.33% and 1.68% higher than the latter, respectively, with/without consideration of centrifugal expansion. The study method, which is generally suitable for the cylindrical gas film seal with single-rotor/dual-rotor, lays the foundation of performance analysis under complex operating conditions.

Vertical Brand Extension Strategy of L'Oreal Group

To compete in the current cosmetics market, strategic changes are needed according to the target market. Therefore, in this study, L'Oreal Group, the No. 1 global sales company, was selected as the subject of the study to study vertical brand expansion strategies used within the cosmetics industry. The purpose of the study is to analyze the vertical brand expansion strategy of L'Oreal Group and examine its effectiveness. The method of research is qualitative research that considers degree papers, journals, related books, and accounting materials from 1995 to 2020 by the L'Oreal Group. The results of the study are as follows. First, after examining L'Oreal Group's vertical brand expansion strategy, it was found that it used strategies such as ‘Mergers and Acquisitions of Various Brands’, ‘Brand Management by Business Department’, and ‘Localization’. Second, looking at the vertical brand expansion effect of L'Oreal Group, it was found that it gained the effect of ‘Increasing Sales’, ‘Strengthening Brands’, and ‘Ease Market Access’. Therefore, it can be concluded that the effect of a differentiated vertical brand expansion strategy played a role in L'Oreal Group's growth into the world's No. 1 cosmetics company. This suggests that utilization based on success stories is important, not indiscriminate application of vertical brand expansion strategies. We hope that further research will be conducted on the vertical brand expansion and online business trends of cosmetics companies in the future.

Vertical Brand Extension Strategy of L'Oreal Group

To compete in the current cosmetics market, strategic changes are needed according to the target market. Therefore, in this study, L'Oreal Group, the No. 1 global sales company, was selected as the subject of the study to study vertical brand expansion strategies used within the cosmetics industry. The purpose of the study is to analyze the vertical brand expansion strategy of L'Oreal Group and examine its effectiveness. The method of research is qualitative research that considers degree papers, journals, related books, and accounting materials from 1995 to 2020 by the L'Oreal Group. The results of the study are as follows. First, after examining L'Oreal Group's vertical brand expansion strategy, it was found that it used strategies such as ‘Mergers and Acquisitions of Various Brands’, ‘Brand Management by Business Department’, and ‘Localization’. Second, looking at the vertical brand expansion effect of L'Oreal Group, it was found that it gained the effect of ‘Increasing Sales’, ‘Strengthening Brands’, and ‘Ease Market Access’. Therefore, it can be concluded that the effect of a differentiated vertical brand expansion strategy played a role in L'Oreal Group's growth into the world's No. 1 cosmetics company. This suggests that utilization based on success stories is important, not indiscriminate application of vertical brand expansion strategies. We hope that further research will be conducted on the vertical brand expansion and online business trends of cosmetics companies in the future.