SWAT Application for Gajahwong River Streamflow Simulation

Gadjahwong River flows along Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) that is located in southern Java Island. Gadjahwong River has an important role for water supply purpose especially for agriculture activities. On the other hand, DIY is seeing 1.18% population growth each year. The population surge influences land cover change that can seize continuous discharge of Gadjahwong River. Therefore, continuous discharge simulation needs to be conducted for assessing Gadjahwong River water availability. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was employed for modelling Gadjahwong River streamflow discharge. The simulation result discharge was compared with observed data acquired at AWLR Wonokromo by using NSE and R2 statistical parameter. Finally, the statistical parameter was applied to justify quality of simulation. Findings showed that daily time step yielded NSE value of 0.61, R2 value of 0.79, and PBIAS value of -2.41%. Overall, the simulation showed good result based the statistical parameters.

Corona discharge of a vibrated insulating box with granular medium

Corona discharges are luminous signs of strong local electric fields allowing a continuous discharge into the surrounding atmosphere. They commonly occur at the ends of conductors at high voltage. Here we report the observation of a faint glow surrounding an insulating cm-sized box filled with mm-sized basalt beads. At an ambient pressure in the mbar range two light bands occur as soon as and only if the box is vibrated and only if it is filled with a granular medium. In addition, a glow also occurs at the inside of the box. We measured periodic electric fields at the outside of the box with spatial peaks at the positions of the light bands. The period correlates to the vibration frequency. These observations imply strong alternating fields beyond atmospheric breakdown, which are generated inside and also emerge at the outside of the insulating box. The observations can be explained by tribocharging and periodic displacement of charges between grains and the inside walls of the box.

The Effect of Discharge Rejected Brine into the Surface Water on the coast of Port Sudan city

The general aim of this study is to focus on the effects of discharge reject brine into the surface water in Port Sudan city. It considers a baseline study in Port Sudan. Three samples of water were taken from sea land lagoon by using TCD (Temperature, Conductivity and Depth) device, and sample from open sea (Abu Hashish). All samples were collected during summer and winter seasons. The results showed a significant increase in salinity 39.13 – 49.86 , 39.91- 47.45 , 38.62 - 38.87 , 38.48 – 39.27 psu respectively, of the surface water when mixed with the discharge reject brine, this will absolutely affect the marine life. Also, the continuous discharge of rejected brine into water near the intake desalination plants will affect the characteristics of the feed water.