In vitro somatic embryogenesis of superior clones of robusta coffee from Lampung, Indonesia: Effect of genotypes and callus induction media

Hapsoro D, Hamiranti R, Yusnita Y. 2020. In vitro somatic embryogenesis of superior clones of robusta coffee from Lampung, Indonesia: Effect of genotypes and callus induction media. Biodiversitas 21: 3811-3817. This study aimed to investigate the effects of genotypes and primary callus induction media on somatic embryogenesis of superior robusta coffee clones of Lampung. Leaf explants of clones Tugusari, Komari, Tugino, and Wanto were cultured on two types of primary callus induction media (PCIM). PCIM1 consisted of half-strength MS salts, 30 gL-1 sucrose, added with (mgL-1) 0.1 thiamine-HCl, 0.5 nicotinic acids, 0.5 pyridoxine-HCl, 100 Myo-inositol, 200 ascorbic acids, 150 citric acids, and 1 benzyl adenine. PCIM2 consisted of NPCM salts, 30 gL-1 sucrose, added with (mgL-1) 15 thiamine-HCl, 1 nicotinic acid, 1 pyridoxine-HCl, 2 glycines, 130 Myo-inositol, 200 ascorbic acids, 150 citric acids, 1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2 thidiazuron. The highest percentage (100%) of primary callus formation was found in Komari and Wanto clones. PCIM2 resulted in more primary calli than PCIM1. When subcultured to embryogenic callus induction medium, primary calli of clone Komari and Wanto developed into a high percentage of embryogenic calli, while those of the other two turned brown and died. PCIM2-derived primary calli developed into more embryogenic calli. When subcultured on somatic embryo (SE) regeneration medium, these calli underwent the formation of SE of various stages. When subcultured to plant regeneration medium, these SEs developed into plantlets.

Pengaruh Komposisi Media Dasar dan Jenis Eksplan terhadap Pembentukan Embrio Somatik Kakao

<em>The composition of basal medium determines the regeneration success of in vitro culture. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of basal medium in the primary callus induction medium and explant type on the formation of cacao somatic embryo. The research was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of IAARD, Bogor, from June 2014 to December 2015. Primary callus induction derived from staminoid and petal explants of ICCRI 4 clone used two types of basal medium, i.e. DKW+ 9 µM 2.4-D + 1.16 µM kinetin or WPM + 9 µM 2.4-D + 1.16 µM kinetin.</em> <em>After 14 days, callus was subcultured onto secondary callus induction medium (WPM + 2.4-D 9 </em><em>μM + kinetin 0.58 μM), and then onto DKW medium without growth regulators to induce the formation of somatic embryo. The research was designed in two-factor factorial design with five replications. The first factor was the type of basal medium on the primary callus induction medium (DKW and WPM) and the second factor was the type of explants (petal and staminoid). The results showed significant interaction effect between basal medium type and explant type on the formation of callus and somatic embryo of cacao. The highest percentage of callus formation was derived from staminoid explants on the DKW basal salt medium (92.5%). However, the highest percentage of somatic embryo formation and the number of somatic embryo per explant were obtained from DKW basal salt medium with petal explants (36.5% and 2.3).</em> <em>Therefore, t</em><em>he use of DKW basal salt medium and petal explant were recommended for the induction of somatic embryo of the ICCRI 4 clone.</em>

Gojenie się ran w pędach wiśni odm. Minister Podbielski [Wound healing in twigs of sour cherry cv. Minister Podbielski]

Studies were carried out on anatomical changes in sour cherry twigs after pruning. Changes in the surface of wounds begin by the filling of cells and vessels with gum substances. At the same time drying and splitting of tissues was observed. Healing of the wounds starts from the layer of parenchyma cells from which callus develops. At the end of the growing season spring-made wounds were healed with a thick layer of callus tissue, while healing of summer-made wounds was hastened shortly after formation of the primary callus layer.