PROFANITIES FOUND IN TONY KAYE’S FILM “AMERICAN HISTORY X”

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis-jenis profaniti yang ditemukan dalam film Tony Kaye "American History X" berdasarkan teori Patridge. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari Film 'American History X' dalam bentuk kata, frasa, dan kalimat. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara menonton film secara intensif, mengidentifikasi ujaran yang mengandung profaniti yang digunakan oleh karakter dan menulis kata-kata yang ditemukan dalam film. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam film "American History X" oleh Tony Kaye terdapat ada lima tipe yang ditemukan, yaitu seven dirty words, strong other words, excretory words, sexual words, dan mild other words.

Cognitive processing of sexual cues in asexual individuals and heterosexual women with desire/arousal difficulties

Asexuality is defined as a unique sexual orientation characterized by a lack of sexual attraction to others. This has been challenged, with some experts positing that it is better explained as a sexual dysfunction. Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder (SIAD) is characterized by absent/reduced sexual interest/arousal paired with personal distress, with two subtypes: acquired and lifelong. Research suggests that while asexuality and acquired SIAD are distinct entities, there may be overlap between asexuality and lifelong SIAD. Findings from studies using eye-tracking and implicit association tasks suggest that these methodologies might differentiate these groups on the basis of their neural mechanisms. However, no study has compared their cognitive processing of sexual cues, and the literature on lifelong SIAD is minimal. The current study tested differences in the cognitive processing of sexual cues between asexual individuals and women with SIAD (lifelong and acquired). Forty-two asexual individuals and 25 heterosexual women with SIAD (16: acquired; 9: lifelong) completed three study components: a visual attention task, a Single Category-Implicit Association Task, and the sex semantic differential. ANOVAs examined group differences in: 1) visual attention to erotic cues, 2) implicit appraisals of sexual words, and 3) explicit appraisals of sex. Women with SIAD displayed a controlled attention preference for erotic images and areas of sexual contact, with longer dwell times to these areas relative to asexual individuals, who did not gaze preferentially at erotic cues. For implicit appraisals, all groups demonstrated negative—neutral implicit associations with sexual words. For explicit appraisals, women with acquired SIAD reported more positive evaluations of sex relative to asexual individuals and women with lifelong SIAD. This project sheds light on key differences between asexuality and low desire, and has implications for best clinical practice guidelines for the assessment of lifelong SIAD.

Social-emotional problems among Swedish three-year-olds: an Item Response Theory Analysis

Background Young children’s social-emotional problems can have a long-term effect if not treated early. In order to deepen our knowledge about children’s social and emotional functioning, we utilized the Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE) among 3-year-olds in Sweden aiming: 1) to identify ASQ:SE items that are most commonly endorsed by children with high level of social-emotional problems; and 2) to assess whether certain ASQ:SE items differs between boys and girls at the same level of social-emotional problems. Methods During 2014-2017 data was collected from 7179 three-year-old children through Child Health Care in a northern county of Sweden within the Salut Child Health Promotion Programme. Item Characteristic Curve (ICC) and Differential Item Functioning (DIF) were used to identify the characteristics of children with high social-emotional problems and to determine whether an item exhibit uniform between boys and girls at the same level of social-emotional problems. Results Items regarding interest in sexual words, too little sleep, disinterest in things around, unhappiness and self-injury were more commonly endorsed by children with high levels of social-emotional problems. Additionally, on the same level of social-emotional problem girls were more likely to score high in items regarding difficulties to occupy herself, clinging behaviour and repetitive behaviour while boys were more likely to score high in items regarding difficulty to name friends, difficulty to express feelings and destruction of things on purpose. Conclusions This study has increased our knowledge about Swedish young children’s social emotional functioning already at the age of three by detecting which items are most closely connected to high level of social-emotional problems and differences between boys and girls. However, whether the results detected in this analysis are reflecting their parents’ expectations more than child behaviour requires further investigations. Key messages Children with high level of social-emotional problems were rated high on items regarding interest in sexual words, too little sleep, disinterest in things around, unhappiness and self-injury. On equal levels of social-emotional problems, girls were more often reported with internalizing problematic behaviours and boys were more often reported with externalizing problematic behaviours.

Taboo words in teenage talk

This paper reports on a corpus-based comparison of the use of taboo words amongst middle/upper class teenage girls in London and Madrid. Two corpora of spontaneous conversation were used for the comparison; these showed that the most frequent words used by both groups had sexual reference, followed by words to do with bodily functions. It also pointed to a higher frequency of taboo words in the London girls’ conversations, while the Madrid girls had a slightly higher preference for sexual words. The qualitative part of the study, which deals with the reasons for teenagers’ use of taboo words and with their various functions in the discourse, reveals that special emphasis is put on phatic use.

The Effect of Food Deprivation on ERP During Identification of Tachistoscopically Presented Food-Related Words

The present study served to investigate the effects of food deprivation on the identification of subliminally presented food-related words by means of event-related potentials (ERPs). ERPs were recorded in 16 hungry and 16 satiated subjects during repeated tachistoscopic presentation of food-related words (food names) and food-unrelated words (neutral words, sexual words) as controls. ERPs were recorded during each presentation of a word prior to identification and during the first presentation after identification and exhibited N1, P2, and slow-wave components. The number of tachistoscopic presentations until identification was not affected by hunger and satiety. However, ERPs were differentially affected by hunger and satiety: the P2 to food-related words was larger in hungry subjects compared to satiated subjects in all presentations. Additionally, the P2 was also larger to sexual words in hungry subjects in all presentations except the one preceding the identification response. The slow wave was not affected by hunger but increased with progressing stimulus identification. Following the identification of the words, all ERP components markedly declined in amplitude. The results indicate that hunger affects the processing of food and sexual stimuli during identification at an early ERP component (P2) even if the stimuli are not fully identified. In contrast, the later slow wave is sensitive to progressing stimulus identification, irrespective of hunger and stimulus meaning.

Latencies of Restricted Associations to Double-Entendre Sexual Words as a Function of Personality Variables

Sexually avoidant and non-avoidant subjects as defined by the personality constructs of sex-guilt, social desirability, and repression-sensitization were required to give both sexual and asexual responses to the same set of sexual double-entendre words. With the exception of the repression-sensitization variable, the results were generally in the direction predicted from a stimulus-encoding analysis of the way in which subjects process sexual double-entendre words. In general, sexually avoidant subjects showed longer latencies than non-avoidant subjects when giving sexual responses but not on asexual responses. Likewise, sexual response latencies were significantly longer than asexual response latencies for sex-avoidant but not for sexually non-avoidant subjects. Sexual responses were also uniformly associated with longer latencies than asexual responses.