TABOO WORDS IN DELI JAVANESE DIALECT

This research was focused on taboo words used in Deli Javananese dialect. It was aimed at describing the classification of taboo words used in Deli Javanese dialect namely sex; death; excretion; bodily functions; religious matters; and politics and to investigate how frequent the taboo words were used by Javanese community in Karang Sari village of Medan city, North Sumatera. The descriptive qualitative method was applied by describing taboo words used by the Javanese communtiy. The approach is sociolinguistics, which studies the perspectives of using taboo words among society in Deli Javanese dialect. The data were collected by interviewing three informants with different ages, and taking a note to identify the data of this research. The result showed that there were 18 taboo words found in Deli Javanese dialect and they were classified into six types of taboo word as mentioned before. It also showed that the causes of using taboo words were to express the emotion, such as anger, happiness, and surprises, to talk about sex, to joke and to insult. Hopefully all the findings may give some contributions and references for any further researches related to the use of taboo words within any language and also as communication guidance especially for speakers not to use taboo words.

“I am a dog”, Verbal Taboo to Convince

In daily and informal situation, individuals use language to connect one another. This research is on taboo words used by people of Padang Bolak Language (PBL) in daily communication. This research is a qualitative descriptive where the research problem is what, how, and why taboo words appear and are used in daily conversation of PBL. The data was taken by recording technique and taking notes on the conversations of residents at the location in Poken Salasa Village, Portibi District, Padang Lawas Regency, North Sumatera Province. From 45 data, the frequent taboo word is anjing (7 times), kafir (13 times), bujang/bujak/bujas (19 times), haram (3 times), and murtad (3 times). The reasons of speaker using taboo words are various. The speaker utters dog to take an oath, to trust or to make others believe. The word kafir is the speaker’s way to take an oath and to convince others. The word bujang/bujak/bujas is used only among the intimate fellowship. Speaker’s expression of haram appears when he disagrees, be opposite to something, and doesn’t expect to one condition. Then murtad is uttered by speaker when he wants to trust other, makes an oath to support his statement. The next research is expected to expose the more reasons of using taboo words in psychological perspectives.

SOCIOLINGUISTICS ANALYSIS OF TABOO WORDS IN MINAHASA DISTRICT KOMBI

ABSTRAK This research aims at: (1) Identifying and classifying types of taboo words in Kombi District, Minahasa Regency. (2) Knowing the function of people using taboo words in Kombi District, Minahasa Regency. This research uses qualitative research. The subjects in this study were 15 adults aged at least 20-60 years in Kombi District, especially in the villages where the research was conducted, namely in Lalumpe, Ranowangko, Rerer, Makalisung, and Kalawiran villages. And the main instrument in this research is the researcher himself, using the Technique of Observation, Interview, Documentation, and Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using sociolinguistics analysis. Research result: (1) Types of taboo words in Kombi District, Minahasa Regency have 30 types of taboo words that are still remembered and used by several people in villages in Kombi District. (2) The functions of taboo words in Kombi District, Minahasa Regency include an expression of annoyance, as an emotional outlet, and also as an expression of greeting to friends or relatives who are already familiar (for some people).

Social acquisition context matters: Increased neural responses for native but not nonnative taboo words

This study examined whether the context of acquisition of a word influences its visual recognition and subsequent processing. We utilized taboo words, whose meanings are typically acquired socially, to ensure that differences in processing were based on learned social taboo, rather than proficiency. American English-speaking participants made word/non-word decisions on American taboo (native dialect), British taboo (non-native dialect), positive, neutral, and pseudo- words while EEG was recorded. Taboo words were verified as taboo by both American and British English speakers in an independent norming survey. American taboo words showed a more positive amplitude of the Late Positive Complex (LPC), a neural correlate of emotionality and social processing, compared with British taboo words and all other word categories. Moreover, in an item-wise analysis, LPC amplitudes of American taboo words were positively correlated with their taboo ratings. British taboo words did not show this effect. This indicates that American participants, who had very limited social contact with British English, did not have the same perception of social threat from British taboo words as they had from American taboo words. These results point to the importance of social context of acquisition in establishing social-affective meaning in language.

Conserving the Simalungun Language Maintenance through Demographic Community: The Analysis of Taboo Words Across Times

The research was intended to describe the use of Simalungun taboo words across times in Simalungun (1930-2021). The language of Simalungun is spoken by people living outside the district of Simalungun, North of Sumatera and other people. This research was carried out in a multi-case descriptive qualitative design. Descriptual qualitative research design was defined as a social science research approach that emphasised the collection, use of inductive thinking and understanding of descriptive data in natural environments. While multi case is defined as a study which is using two or more subjects, settings, or depositories of data (Bogdan & Biklen, 1982). Documentation, interviews and observations of participants were used to collect data on linguistic taboos. The data sources were collected from 45 informants of different ages (1930-2021) and sexes who reside in Pematangsiantar, Pematangraya and Saribudolok. After having analyzed the collected data, the research finding showed that there were 62 words out of 106 the taboo words of ten categories: sexual organ, sexual activity, cursing, swearing, calling people, action, disease, dwelling ghost and name of God which were used stably across time (from 1930 to 2021) in Simalungun are 62 words, out of 106 words.

Sexual taboos and euphemisms in Igbo: An anthropolinguistic appraisal

Due to face-threatening effect of taboo words, euphemisms are used to replace them for the sake of politeness. Several studies have been carried out on sexual taboos across cultures, including Igbo, but most have centrally focused on euphemisms for sex organs, with inadequate attention paid to the sex act itself. As a result, this study examines euphemisms about sex or copulation in Igbo with a view to delineating the categories and strategies employed by Igbo to express them. Through Participant and Non-participant Observation, data (11 conversations) were collected, from 22 participants comprising 16 men and 6 women across 6 different settings in Lagos State, Nigeria. The result showed that participants used two major strategies (idiomatic expressions and symbols) and coinage to euphemise the act of sex. Two broad categories of sex found were explicit euphemisms representing the common type, and opaque euphemisms representing the uncommon type. However, both categories are existing words in the language that are imbued with new meanings to achieve the censoring objective. The alternative forms adequately serve the intended purpose because they mask and obscure the tabooed subject and hence save the face of interlocutors.

AN ANALYSIS OF TABOO WORDS IN DEADPOOL MOVIE

The research dealt with taboo words in Deapool movie. The objectives of research aimed at explaining the types of taboo words and also to figure out motives of using taboo words in Deadpool movie. The research conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. This study was different from previous researcher that found types and function of taboo words while in this study focused on types and motives of using taboo words. The data were taken from the utterances that contain taboo words by first main character in this movie. There were 82 taboo words that had been uttered in this movie. From nine types of taboo words, there were eight of them, they were Cursing 2,44 %, Profanity 3,66 %, Obscenity 40,24%, Vulgarity 6,10 %, Insults and slurs 9,76 %, Slang 12,20 %, Epithets 20,73 %, and Scatology 2,44 %. And for the motives of using taboo words, there were five from five motives of them, they were Angry or Frustration 30,48 %, Descriptive- evaluative 43,90 %, Joking 7,32 %, Surprise 14,64 %, and Sarcastic Irony Insults 3,66 %.

On Some Political Euphemisms in the Post-Truth Era (a Case Study of the English Language)

Th paper focuses on the euphemisms “terminological inexactitude”, “to be economical with the truth” and “alternative facts” in English political discourse of the post-truth era. Ths period is characterised by certain linguistic means, and euphemisation plays an important role here. It is shown that in the post-truth era, where borders between truth and lies are blurred, these euphemisms synonymous with the nouns “lie” are of particular relevance in political communication. Th euphemism “terminological inexactitude” still serves as a metaphor of lying originally determined by speech etiquette and historical traditions, which is the case, for example, during the debates in the British parliament, where there is an offial list of taboo words and expressions referred to as unparliamentary language. However, the other two euphemisms partly change their functionality. In the post-truth world, the expressions “economical with the truth” and “alternative facts” are used by the speaker to deliberately distort reality and conceal the truth rather than to follow the rules of politically correct speech.

AN ANALYSIS OF TABOO WORDS AND EUPHEMISMS FOUND IN THE CHARACTERS’ UTTERANCES IN THE MOVIE ENTITLED “THE PURGE: ELECTION YEAR”

The aims of this research are to find and to discuss the types, functions of Taboo words and the types of Euphemisms. The qualitative method is used in this research since the description regarding the utterances found in the movie is necessary. The quantitative approach is used in this research as well in representing the data findings by using percentages. The research data are taken from the movie scripts and are formed from the characters’ utterances either words or phrases. As the results, the researcher found five types of language of Taboo in the movie that consist of (1) Obscenity, (2) Epithets, (3) Profanity, (4) Insults and Slurs (5) and Vulgarity. Obscenity is the highest number of occurrence while Vulgarity holds the smallest number. There are four functions of Taboo language which are namely; (1) To draw Attention to one self, (2) To be Aggressive or Provocative, (3) To show Contempt, and (4) To mock Authority. To draw attention to one self is the most appeared functions of Taboo while to mock authority is the smallest number. There are four types of Euphemisms found in the movie which are (1) Euphemisms for Death and Killing, (2) Euphemism for Political Correctness, (3) Euphemisms for Sexual Activities, and (4) Euphemism for Addressing. The most appeared type of Euphemism is Euphemisms for Death and Killing while the least appeared one is Euphemism for Addressing.

A Socio-pragmatic Analysis of Taboo Language Using Animal Names in Facebook Messenger in the Jordanian Setting: A Gender-Based Study

The current paper aimed to investigate taboo language using animal names in Facebook Messenger in the Jordanian setting based on the context where it appeared. A total of (100) male and female university students answered a questionnaire devised to examine the way how students use taboo language. It was noticed that "pig" recorded the highest frequency of occurrence comprising (11.59) of the total number of the taboo words followed by "dog" and "bitch". Important differences were observed in the frequency and use of taboo words by male (68. 8 %) and female (32.2%) students. The study explained the reasons why such words were deemed taboo in the Jordanian setting taking into consideration the socio-cultural and religious norms of the society. The study also concluded that taboo language was used to express different themes such as humor, relaxation, anger and abuse. Keywords: Taboo Language, Gender Differences, Themes, Socio-Pragmatic, Facebook Messenger.