AbstractLet (*X, *T) be the nonstandard extension of a Hausdorff space (X, T). After Wattenberg [6], the monad m(x) of a near-standard point x in *X is defined as m{x) = μT(st(x)). Consider the relationFrank Wattenberg in [6] and [7] investigated the possibilities of extending the domain of Rns to the whole of *X. Wattenberg's extensions of Rns were required to be equivalence relations, among other things. Because the nontrivial ways of constructing such extensions usually produce monadic relations, the said condition practically limits (to completely regular spaces) the class of spaces for which such extensions are possible. Since symmetry and transitivity are not, after all, characteristics of the kind of nearness that is obtained in a general topological space, it may be expected that if these two requirements are relaxed, then a monadic extension of Rns to *X should be possible in any topological space. A study of such extensions of Rns is the purpose of the present paper. We call a binary relation W ⊆ *X × *X an infinitesimal on *X if it is monadic and reflexive on *X. We prove, among other things, that the existence of an infinitesimal on *X that extends Rns is equivalent to the condition that the space (X, T) be regular.