Measuring Privileged Identity in Educational Environments: Development and Validation of the Privileged Identify Exploration Scale

The present study describes the development and validation of an instrument to measure defensive reactions individuals display in difficult dialogues while exploring privileged identities and interacting across difference. The increased focus on difficult dialogues when exploring privileged social identities in educational environments points to a need for the Privileged Identity Exploration Scale (PIE-S). The Privileged Identity Exploration Model (PIE) (Watt, College Student Affairs Journal., 2007, 26, 114–126; Watt et al., Counselor Education and Supervision., 2009, 49, 86–105) identifies eight defensive reactions. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, we identified and confirmed four constructs of privileged identity exploration that students exhibit when interacting across social differences, the PIE Scale (PIE-S). We provide a brief overview of the development of the PIE-S, as well as future directions for research and applications to training and facilitation in various educational settings.

Finding Consensus on Integrating Neuroeducation into Trauma-Informed Counseling Practice: A Delphi Study

A Delphi Study was carried out to investigate what experts considered essential components for integrating neuroeducation into trauma-informed counseling practice. After initial recruitment, a total of 14 trauma-informed counseling experts participated in a 4-round Delphi Study, in which main areas of brain education and associated educational methods were identified. Additionally, a richer description of the perceived impact of neuroeducation on clients was discussed. The results of this Delphi Study support the integration of a number of neuroeducation topics and methods into trauma-informed counseling practice and further support the need for incorporation of neuroeducation into counselor education and supervision.

What Makes the Efficacy and Effectiveness of Multicultural Counseling?

Today, multicultural counseling to be one of the most efficacy and effective helping professionals services in helping counselees achieve positive changes. But, critical question is what makes efficacy and effectiveness of multicultural counseling? The purpose of this study is to explore of the factors affecting the efficacy and effectiveness of multicultural counseling. This study used survey method. The participant included 30 pre-service counselor educators (master’s students) from Department of Guidance and Counseling in Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Data were collected using questionnaire that is Common Factors in Multicultural Counseling Scale in the form of Likert five-level scale. The data were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis. The results showed that there are two factors affecting the efficacy and effectiveness of multicultural counseling in the perspectives of pre-service counselor educators, named: (1) specific factors, such as: counseling approach and techniques and multicultural counseling competencies; and (2) common factors, such as: person of the counselor (wisdom) and counseling alliance. The implication is that counselor educators need to consider and develop these factors in Counselor Education and Supervision programs.