FREQUENCY OF COMMON FACTORS INFLUENCING THE GRAFT UPTAKE IN MYRINGOPLASTY AMONG THE TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL KPK

Introduction: Tympanoplasty refers to any operation involving reconstruction of the tympanic membrane and /or the ossicular chain. Myringoplasty is a tympanoplasty without ossicular reconstruction. Over the years many methods have been used for closing perforations. Myringoplasty was introduced by Berthold in 1878 but the modern era began only in 1950s with the work of Wullstein and Zoellner. The study aims to analyse the common factors which are predictive of success of myringoplasty in adult patients and to construct and validate a prognostic index that could be used as tool to predict the success of myringoplasty in adults. Objectives: To determine the frequency of common factors influencing the graft uptake in myringoplasty. Materials and Method: In this study, a total sample size was 376, using 4.08% proportion of fourth degree perineal tear, 95% confidence level and 2% margin of error under WHO software for sample size determination. Moreover, consecutive non probability sampling technique was used. Results: The mean age was 40 years with standard deviation of ± 2.63. Sixty two percent of the patients were male while thirty eight percent patients were female. The success rate of myringoplasty was 90% while the failure rate was 15(10%) patients in which 4(25%) patients had medium perforation, 5(33%) patients had large perforation while 6(42%) patients had subtotal perforation. Regarding the causes of perforation among 15(10%) patients, 13(85%) patients had infection while only 2 patients had trauma. Conclusion: The study concludes that infection (85%) was the most common cause of perforation followed by trauma (15%) in the graft uptake in myringoplasty.

An Empirical Analysis of the Common Factors Influencing the Sharing and Green Economies

The digital revolution, driven and accelerated by the current pandemic, involves changes to known business models. The innovative model of the sharing economy can be a real and sustainable solution for long-term green economic development. The aim of our research was to determine the common factors of the sharing economy and the green economy and the perceptions of Romanian users regarding them. Our research questionnaire was based on the elements we found in the academic literature. To evaluate the collected data, we used the factor analysis method with the support of the SPSS program. As our study reveals, digitalization as well as inclinations towards saving are factors impacting both the propensity towards sharing and support for the green economy. The demarcation line between the sharing and the green economies is rather fluid, the two realities being under a reciprocal influence. In our model, the green economy develops according to the principles of the sharing economy, going a step further in considering the relationship between society and environment, society and sustainable, eco-friendly behaviour. Although the sharing economy is not necessarily a prerequisite of the green economy, it is, nevertheless, easy for societies or groups that have internalized the lessons of the sharing economy to move forward towards the green economy. This study can be an important tool and a first step for businesses, and, more importantly, for the Romanian public institutions to accelerate the implementation of necessary measures, including legislative ones, in order to promote the further development of these economies.

Frequency to Non-Compliance to Oral Iron Therapy in Pregnancy and Common Factors Leading to it

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine frequency of non-compliance to oral iron therapy in pregnancy and common factors leading to it. METHODOLOGY: It was a cross-sectional study done in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Lady Willington Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. The duration of this study was six months i.e., 3rd October 2019 to 2nd March 2020. All antenatal patients between ages of 18 to 45 years presented in the obstetrics outdoors or admitted in the ward were included in this study. A total of 245 patients were included in this study by consecutive non-probability sampling. Patients with gynecological problems, patients dependent on others for their medication cost, patients with psychiatric illness or physical disability were excluded. Post stratification Chi-square test was applied keeping P-value ≤0.05 as significant RESULTS: Among 245 patients, mean age was 27±2.16 years. Iron supplement used by 245 patients was analyzed as 159 (65%) patients had used the iron supplement while 86 (35%) patients didn’t use iron supplements (P-value 0.001). Iron supplement used by 245 patients was analyzed and only 93 (38%) patients had used the iron supplement while 152 (62%) patients didn’t use iron supplements. CONCLUSION: The coverage of antenatal iron and folic acid supplements is very low in the surveyed districts of Pakistan due to lack of parental education and older aged women belonging to poor households.

Rural Patients’ Perceptions of Their Potentially Preventable Hospitalisation: A Qualitative Study

Potentially preventable hospitalisations (PPHs) occur when patients receive hospital care for a condition that could have been more appropriately managed in the primary healthcare setting. It is anticipated that the causes of PPHs in rural populations may differ from those in urban populations; however, this is understudied. Semi-structured interviews with 10 rural Australian patients enabled them to describe their recent PPH experience. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify the common factors that may have led to their PPH. The analysis revealed that most participants had challenges associated with their health and its optimal self-management. Self-referral to hospital with the belief that this was the only treatment option available was also common. Most participants had limited social networks to call on in times of need or ill health. Finally, difficulty in accessing primary healthcare, especially urgently or after-hours, was described as a frequent cause of PPH. These qualitative accounts revealed that patients describe nonclinical risk factors as contributing to their recent PPH and reinforces that the views of patients should be included when designing interventions to reduce PPHs.