ev71 strain
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2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuefei Jin ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Rongguang Zhang ◽  
Jingchao Ren ◽  
Shuaiyin Chen ◽  
...  

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.


2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuefei Jin ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Rongguang Zhang ◽  
Jingchao Ren ◽  
Shuaiyin Chen ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1787-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minetaro Arita ◽  
Yasushi Ami ◽  
Takaji Wakita ◽  
Hiroyuki Shimizu

ABSTRACT Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease and is also associated with serious neurological disorders. An attenuated EV71 strain [EV71(S1-3′)] has been established in the cynomolgus monkey infection model; this strain contains the attenuation determinants derived from the type 1 poliovirus vaccine strain, Sabin 1 [PV1(Sabin)], in the 5′ nontranslated region (NTR), 3D polymerase, and 3′ NTR. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the attenuation determinants of PV1(Sabin) on EV71 infection in a NOD/SCID mouse infection model. We isolated a mouse-adapted EV71 strain [EV71(NOD/SCID)] that causes paralysis of the hind limbs in 3- to 4-week-old NOD/SCID mice by adaptation of the virulent EV71(Nagoya) strain in the brains of NOD/SCID mice. A single mutation at nucleotide 2876 that caused an amino acid change in capsid protein VP1 (change of the glycine at position 145 to glutamic acid) was essential for the mouse-adapted phenotype in NOD/SCID mice. Next, we introduced attenuation determinants derived from PV1(Sabin) along with the mouse adaptation mutation into the EV71(Nagoya) genome. In 4-week-old mice, the determinants in the 3D polymerase and 3′ NTR, which are the major temperature-sensitive determinants, had a strong effect on attenuation. In contrast, the effect of individual determinants was weak in 3-week-old NOD/SCID mice, and all the determinants were required for substantial attenuation. These results suggest that a cooperative effect of the attenuation determinants of PV1(Sabin) is essential for attenuated neurovirulence of EV71.


2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (19) ◽  
pp. 10310-10315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Te-Chia Wu ◽  
Ya-Fang Wang ◽  
Yi-Ping Lee ◽  
Jen-Ren Wang ◽  
Ching-Chuan Liu ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT In this study, we sought to determine whether intratypic and intertypic cross-reactivity protected against enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in a murine infection model. We demonstrate that active immunization of 1-day-old mice with avirulent EV71 strain or coxsackie A16 virus (CA16) by the oral route developed anti-EV71 antibodies with neutralizing activity (1:16 and 1:2, respectively). Splenocytes from both EV71- and CA16-immunized mice proliferated upon EV71 or CA16, but not coxsackie B3 virus (CB3), antigen stimulation. Immunized mice became more resistant to virulent EV71 strain challenge than nonimmunized mice. There was an increase in the percentage of activated splenic T cells and B cells in the immunized mice 2 days after EV71 challenge. The CA16 immune serum reacted with EV71 antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralized EV71 but not CB3 or poliovirus at a titer of 1:4. Passive immunization with the CA16 immune serum reduced the clinical score, diminished the organ viral load, and increased the survival rate of mice upon EV71 challenge. CB3 neither shared in vitro cross-reactivity with EV71 nor provided in vivo protection after both active and passive immunization. These results illustrated that live vaccine is feasible for EV71 and that intertypic cross-reactivity of enteroviruses may provide a way to determine the prevalence of EV71.


2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (15) ◽  
pp. 7916-7924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Fang Wang ◽  
Chun-Ting Chou ◽  
Huan-Yao Lei ◽  
Ching-Chuan Liu ◽  
Shih-Min Wang ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT A mouse-adapted enterovirus 71 (EV71) strain with increased virulence in mice, MP4, was generated after four serial passages of the parental EV71 strain 4643 in mice. Strain MP4 exhibited a larger plaque size, grew more rapidly, and was more cytotoxic in vitro than strain 4643. Although strains 4643 and MP4 both induced apoptosis of SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells, MP4 was more virulent than 4643 in 1-day-old mice (50% lethal doses, 102 and 104 PFU/mouse, respectively). Strain MP4 (5 × 106 PFU/mouse), but not 4643, could orally infect 7-day-old mice, resulting in rear-limb paralysis followed by death 5 to 9 days after inoculation with the virus. Histopathologically, neuronal loss and apoptosis were evident in the spinal cords as well as the brain stems of the infected mice. The limb muscles displayed massive necrosis. There was early and transient virus replication in the intestines, whereas the spinal cord, brain, and muscle became the sites of viral replication during the late phase of the infection. Virus transmission occurred among infected and noninfected cagemates, as demonstrated by the occurrence of seroconversion and the presence of viable viruses in the stool samples of the latter. Protection against EV71 challenge was demonstrated following administration of hyperimmune serum 1 day after inoculation with the virus. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the genome of EV71 strain MP4 revealed four nucleotide changes on the 5′ untranslated region, three on the VP2 region, and eight on the 2C region, resulting in one and four amino acid substitutions in the VP2 and 2C proteins, respectively.


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