Epilogue

This chapter covers the narrative of dissent and medicalization during World War I into the post-1918 era, and provides a summary of some of the larger conclusions that can be taken from the re-examination of wartime psychiatry. It discusses pre-war pacifism that never embraced conscientious objection as a stance before the war. It also refers to the pacifists who during the fighting between 1914 and 1918 refused to serve and became leaders of the growing movement of more radical pacifism in Weimar Germany. The chapter recounts the subsequent development of the radical pacifism of Weimar and its roots in the dissent that was evident in the medicalized system dealing with psychologically traumatized soldiers. It reviews wartime psychiatry that fundamentally informs larger historical questions concerning modern German history.

Weltinnenpolitik – ein Friedenskonzept?

Weizsäcker’s Weltinnenpolitik approach relies on the political philosophies of Hobbes, Kant, and - in some aspects - Elias. The concept is characterized by state centrism, sparks of violence in the service to peace, and a deep rootedness in the tradition of European modernity. With regard to peace, each component is contested: the first by the focus on the individuals, the second by radical pacifism, and the third especially by decolonial perspectives. In light of these objections, the concept should not be given up but optimized, because it is restricting the states’ freedom to use military force.

Gloria Fuertes. Empatía y radicalidad pacifista

<p>Gloria Fuertes fue una mujer inapropiable. A su éxito televisivo como "poeta de los niños" se contrapone su desconocimiento como "poeta de adultos" y su falta de reivindicación por ideologías o movimientos que naturalmente debieran haberlo hecho (feminismo, antimilitarismo, lesbianismo...). Una de las constantes que animan su obra es su pacifismo radical, innegociable, y su obra constituye uno de los ejemplos más extensos de compromiso con la consecución de la paz y la denuncia de la violencia y quienes la promueven. Su empatía con las personas que sufren y su punto de vista situado la sitúan en una posición que hemos denominado de "beguina laica", aportando un enfoque original sobre la obra de esta gran poeta madrileña del siglo XX.</p><p>Gloria Fuertes was an inappropriable woman. Her TV success as "poet of children" is opposed by her ignorance as "poet of adults" and her lack of claim for ideologies or movements that naturally should have been done (feminism, antimilitarism, lesbianism...). One of the constants that cheer her work up is her radical pacifism, not negotiable, and her work constitutes one of the most extensive examples of compromise to the achievement of the peace and denunciation of the violence and those who promote it. Her empathy with those who suffer and her point of view placed place her in a position which we call "secular beguine", what contributes to an original approach about the work of this great Madrid poet of the twentieth Century.</p>