The British Rhinology Society National COVID-19 Study: Resuming Elective Surgery

Background: As elective services resumed in the aftermath of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the British Rhinology Society and Juniors Committees carried out a national prospective study in order to assess and optimise safety and efficacy of surgery. Methodology: Data from 1063 cases was collected from 111 centres in the United Kingdom (excluding Northern Ireland) within the study period (1st June – 14th August 2020), and a three week follow-up period to assess whether there were any cases of SARS-CoV-2 amongst patients and staff. Results: 89.2% of procedures took place in England. 90.6% of patients had minimal comorbidities (ASA Grade 1 or 2). 98.4% of patients were known to have a COVID negative status prior to surgery, with the majority (99.8%) investigated through Viral PCR alone. The most common form of pre-operative shielding was to self-isolate for 14 days (82.5% of cases). 32.6% of cases were performed in an alternative theatre environment, and in 5.3% the private sector was used for NHS patients. In 21.6% of procedures, unfamiliar anaesthetic teams were used, and in 19.2% unfamiliar theatre teams. There was a higher probability of unfamiliar theatre staff or anaesthetist, when operating in an alternative theatre environment. Trainees were not present in theatre in 24.2% of cases. Full PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) was worn by the operating surgeon in 64.1% of cases. No patients or staff were reported to have developed SARS-CoV-2 in the three week period following surgery. Intra-operative challenges were reported in 19.7% of cases and were primarily associated with impaired communication (8.8%) or impaired vision (6.9%). There was a higher chance of challenges reported when unfamiliar theatre teams were present. Conclusions: This data suggests that overall, the resumption of rhinological elective services has been performed safely with no cases of SARS-CoV-2 reported in patients or staff. We must consider the challenges of operating in unfamiliar environments together with surgical and/or anaesthetic teams, as well as the impact on training.

THE MINIMALISM ASPECT OF SCENOGRAPHY IN MALAY ALTERNATIVE THEATRE IN STOR TEATER DBP

This paper discus the minimalism elements of scenography in selected plays by five writer/directors of Malay alternative theatre in Stor Teater DBP during 2003 and 2014. The plays selected from difference background of writer/directors in theatre such as Dinsman, Nam Ron, A Wahab Hamzah, Fasyali Fadzly, and Aloy Paradoks. This study uses illustrated case study method which is a descriptive case study that usually uses one or two example events (in the context of this study is Malay alternative theatre) to explain the situation. A study of the play texts was made on five informants, the authors-directors of the ten staged performances at the Stor Teater DBP (Dewan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka), Kuala Lumpur from 2003 to 2014. The minimalism concept in the aspect of scenography is seen in line with the physical requirements found in the Stor Teater DBP as a small capacity space (black box). Hence, it makes artistic arrangements such as sets, lighting design and costumes primarily in a distinctive style as a form of Malay alternative theatre. Additionally, this paper also looks at the extent to which their design ideas can articulate artistic values and bring in any new theater elements in contemporary play in space and funding constraints.Keywords: Theatre, Minimalism, Scenography, Malay Alternative Theatre, Performing Arts KONSEP MINIMALISME DALAM ASPEK SINOGRAFI TEATER ALTERNATIF MELAYU DI STOR TEATER DBPAbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan membincangkan mengenai ciri-ciri konsep minimalisme yang dianalisis berdasarkan teater-teater alternatif Melayu terpilih yang dipentaskan di Stor Teater DBP pada tahun 2003 hingga 2013 iaitu di antara kewujudan panggung tersebut sebelum ditutup pada tahun 2014. Pementasan-pementasan teater terpilih diambil dari karya penulis/pengarah yang mempunyai latar belakang daripada pelbagai segi faktor umur, pendidikan dan pengalaman mereka dalam dunia teater seperti Dinsman, Nam Ron, A Wahab Hamzah, Fasyali Fadzly, dan Aloy Paradoks. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kajian kes ilustrasi iaitu kajian kes deskriptif yang biasanya menggunakan satu atau dua contoh peristiwa (dalam konteks kajian ini adalah teater alternatif Melayu) untuk menerangkan keadaan. Kajian terhadap teks persembahan dilakukan terhadap lima orang informan iaitu penulis-pengarah bagi sepuluh pementasan yang pernah dipersembahkan di Stor Teater Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur dari tahun 2003 hingga 2014. Hasil penyelidikan yang diperoleh bahawa konsep minimalisme dalam aspek sinografi dilihat sejajar dengan keperluan fizikal yang terdapat di Stor DBP sebagai sebuah panggung berkapasiti kecil yang dipanggil kotak hitam (black box). Justeru, konsep tersebut menjadikan ia sebagai penataan artistik seperti set, pencahayaan dan kostum terutama berada dalam satu gaya yang tersendiri sebagai ciri-ciri sebuah bentuk teater alternatif Melayu. Selain itu, artikel ini juga melihat sejauh mana idea rekaan dalam keterbatasan ruang serta dana keuangan dapat mencetuskan nilai artistik dan sebarang unsur teaterikal baru dalam pementasan kontemporari.Kata kunci: Teater, Minimalisme, Sinografi, Teater Alternatif Melayu, Seni Persembahan