Putting Gradual Types to Work

In this paper, we describe our experience incorporating gradual types in a statically typed functional language with Hindley-Milner style type inference. Where most gradually typed systems aim to improve static checking in a dynamically typed language, we approach it from the opposite perspective and promote dynamic checking in a statically typed language. Our approach provides a glimpse into how languages like SML and OCaml might handle gradual typing. We discuss our implementation and challenges faced—specifically how gradual typing rules apply to our representation of composite and recursive types. We review the various implementations that add dynamic typing to a statically typed language in order to highlight the different ways of mixing static and dynamic typing and examine possible inspirations while maintaining the gradual nature of our type system. This paper also discusses our motivation for adding gradual types to our language, and the practical benefits of doing so in our industrial setting.

A Hybrid Encryption Model to Lower the Complexity of Securing the Data in Cloud

Remote Cloud services are very efficient to overcome the deficiency of native resources. This kind of facility and assets availability which depends on the quality of link to the remote server, and this arrangement may fail due to poor connectivity scenarios. For requests demanding large data trans- fers to the remote host, performing the computation on the device can have well performance than relying on processing by the remote host when the device’s Internet connection is extremely poor. Attaining good performance is conditional and depends on an optimal dividing of the application mechanism among the device and cloud platforms depends on runtime conditions. A cloud structure with dynamic checking on bunch of cloud facility sources for optimum distributing of the submission built on runtime situations is implemented. The framework consists of hybrid encryption (DES and Blowfish) before uploading the customer records to cloud loading in vision to safely distribute data between several clouds.

A Research on Cyber Security Awareness based on Big Data

In digital word cybersecurity is to help us to prevent attacks on network resources, private information and vital certifications of an association. The fundamental objective of this survey paper is to focus on the various types of cyber-attacks and their quick fix to how we can protect our self from such attacks. Other then, it also gives information about the various forms of cyber-crime and its protection worldwide. These days, with wide usage of internet services with low-cost everyone, is using the net. But many of them don't know about cyber fraud i.e.: how attackers steal their data or personal information and sell to others, this paper helps to create awareness of cybersecurity for such people. So as to determine digital security issues, the security specialist's locale including government segment, the scholarly community, the private part should cooperate to comprehend the rising dangers to the processing scene. This paper presents a specialized, social and moral association uninhibitedly sharing digital assault angle in the soul of worldwide co-task bridging geo-political fringes by conveying dynamic checking.

Gradual type-and-effect systems

Effect systems have the potential to help software developers, but their practical adoption has been very limited. We conjecture that this limited adoption is due in part to the difficulty of transitioning from a system where effects are implicit and unrestricted to a system with a static effect discipline, which must settle for conservative checking in order to be decidable. To address this hindrance, we develop a theory of gradual effect checking, which makes it possible to incrementally annotate and statically check effects, while still rejecting statically inconsistent programs. We extend the generic type-and-effect framework of Marino and Millstein with a notion of unknown effects, which turns out to be significantly more subtle than unknown types in traditional gradual typing. We appeal to abstract interpretation to develop and validate the concepts of gradual effect checking. We also demonstrate how an effect system formulated in the framework of Marino and Millstein can be automatically extended to support gradual checking. We use gradual effect checking to develop a fully gradual type-and-effect framework, which permits interaction between static and dynamic checking for both effects and types.