Modelling, Conception and Simulation of a Digital Watermarking System based on Hyperbolic Geometry

The digital revolution has increased the production and exchange of high-value documents between institutions, businesses and the general public. In order to secure these exchanges, it is essential to guarantee the authenticity, integrity and ownership of these documents. Digital watermarking is a possible solution to this challenge as it has already been used for copyright protection, source tracking and video authentication. It also provides integrity protection, which is useful for many types of documents (official documents, medical images). In this paper, we propose a new watermarking solution applicable to images and based on the hyperbolic geometry. Our new solution is based on existing work in the field of digital watermarking

Admissibility of a Video as Evidence in a Court: Its Presentation and Probative Value

To general public, all videos are perceived to be true, but they may not have probative value in the Court of law. The undertaken article analyzes the admissibility and probative value of a video presented as evidence before a court in the Criminal Justice System of Pakistan (CJSP). It analyzes the relevant law and diagnoses the problems with the video evidence through the lens of the judgments of Superior Courts. The court of law objectively ascertains that a video presented as evidentiary means bears significant relevance to the fact in question. It must be admissible under the law, and it must be proved to be genuine. To fill up the gap between a “Video” and a “Video Evidence”, there is a process, which is known as video authentication. It determines that the video contents are genuine, authentic, credible, unaltered, untampered and unfabricated. The study discusses various modes of video authentication. Precedents set by superior courts of Pakistan show that convictions have been made once the courts are satisfied with the credibility of video evidence. In the court of law, video evidence is normally presented after the completion of prosecution evidence. The video is played in court and is watched by the presence. But the researcher establishes that such process does not have legal justification. The article suggests that it would be legal and proper for the prosecution to produce the video evidence through the witness, during his evidence, who is either victim, witness, recorded and/or copied the video directly from original source such as C.C.T.V system and that witness would be subjected to cross examination.

Robust Formal Watermarking Model Based on the Hyperbolic Geometry for Image Security

The digital revolution has led to an increase in the production and exchange of valuable digitized documents across institutions, companies and the general public alike. Ensuring the authenticity, integrity and ownership of these official or high-value documents is essential if they are to be considered useful. Digital watermarking is a possible solution to this challenge as it has already been used for copyright protection, source tracking, and video authentication to name just a few applications of its use. It also enables integrity protection, which is of value for numerous documents types (e.g., official documents, medical images). In this paper, we propose a new watermarking solution that is applicable to image watermarking and is based on hyperbolic geometry. Our new solution builds upon existing work in geometrical watermarking.