A new theoretical model of government backed venture capital funding

Government involvement in the venture capital (VC) market has become an important catalyst of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of young and innovative firms. There is an extensive literature describing the VC model, but the models of its government backed variants are not comprehensively discussed. The article focuses on the model of purely government backed venture capital (GVC) and hybrid venture capital (HGVC). The conclusion of this article is that, by the logic of their models, GVCs are destined to underperform than private VCs. Many articles see HGVCs as a step forward compared to GVCs, as they involve private participants. The novelty of the current article lies in bringing out the drawbacks deriving from the system of hybrid venture capital funding by creating a complex theoretical framework of the HGVC model. We show that due to the crowding in of private participants, this scheme creates a two-goal system where the private profit maximising interests conflict with the economic policy goals. The complex system of HGVC is exposed to increased moral hazard issues that might lead to higher distortions than GVC. The conclusions are especially relevant in the case of developing industries.

VENTURE CAPITAL FUNDING AS A FACTOR OF THE INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT

The paper justifies the necessity to improve the mechanisms of venture capital funding in Kazakhstan for sustainable and effective development of the country. The role of venture capital funding in the innovative development of the countries is investigated on the base of study of the experience of such countries as USA, Canada, Europe, India, and China. The recent research works related to the venture capital funding in different aspects are reviewed. The innovative activity and venture investments in the Republic of Kazakhstan were analyzed. The paper investigates the features of venture capital funding in Kazakhstan. The investigation results show that Kazakhstan system of venture investment is at its initial stage of development, and there are no tangible results of venture field development yet. The conducted research allowed revealing the factors limiting the development of venture investment in Kazakhstan, these are: poor systematic monitoring of funds efficiency invested by the national institutes; lack of effective strategies of venture capital funding; low innovative activity and intensity of venture appearance; uncertainty and gaps in the legislative base related to venture financing; absence of tax concessions and preferences not tied to FEZ or technological parks; absence of strong institutional venture investors; low capacity of securities market and scarcity of its instruments. The work suggests a set of measures directed on activation of venture financing. The implementation of the suggested measures assumes the increased control over the effectiveness of quasi-public structures investments and venture incomes, and creation of conditions for venture capital funding development. The research results can be a cut-off point for further investigations in the field of venture capital funding related to the innovative development of the country.