Aplikasi Pemetaan terkait Semi-Inner Produk pada Ruang Bernorma Real

In this article, we give the properties of mappings associated with the upper semi-inner product , lower semi-inner product and Lumer semi-inner product which generate the norm on a real normed space. Furthermore, we establish applications to the Birkhoff orthogonality and characterization of best approximants.

On normed spaces with the Wigner Property

The aim of this paper is to generalize the Wigner Theorem to real normed spaces. A normed space is said to have the Wigner Property if the Wigner Theorem holds for it. We prove that every two-dimensional real normed space has the Wigner Property. We also study the Wigner Property of real normed spaces of dimension at least three. It is also shown that strictly convex real normed spaces possess the Wigner Property.

Cubic Functional Equations on Restricted Domains of Lebesgue Measure Zero

Let X be a real normed space, Y a Banach space, and f : X → Y. We prove theUlam–Hyers stability theorem for the cubic functional equationin restricted domains. As an application we consider a measure zero stability problem of the inequalityfor all (x, y) in Γ ⸦ ℝ2 of Lebesgue measure 0.

Stability of a Quartic Functional Equation in Restricted Domains

LetXbe a real normed space andYa Banach space andf:X→Y. We prove the Ulam-Hyers stability theorem for the quartic functional equationf(2x+y)+f(2x-y)-4f(x+y)-4f(x-y)-24f(x)+6f(y)=0in restricted domains. As a consequence we consider a measure zero stability problem of the above inequality whenf:R→Y.

Balanced and absorbing subsets with empty interior

Our first result says that every real or complex infinite-dimensional normed space has an unbounded absolutely convex and absorbing subset with empty interior. As a consequence, a real normed space is finite-dimensional if and only if every convex subset containing 0 whose linear span is the whole space has non-empty interior. In our second result we prove that every real or complex separable normed space with dimension greater than 1 contains a balanced and absorbing subset with empty interior which is dense in the unit ball. Explicit constructions of these subsets are given.

Bidual Spaces and Reflexivity of Real Normed Spaces

Summary In this article, we considered bidual spaces and reflexivity of real normed spaces. At first we proved some corollaries applying Hahn-Banach theorem and showed related theorems. In the second section, we proved the norm of dual spaces and defined the natural mapping, from real normed spaces to bidual spaces. We also proved some properties of this mapping. Next, we defined real normed space of R, real number spaces as real normed spaces and proved related theorems. We can regard linear functionals as linear operators by this definition. Accordingly we proved Uniform Boundedness Theorem for linear functionals using the theorem (5) from [21]. Finally, we defined reflexivity of real normed spaces and proved some theorems about isomorphism of linear operators. Using them, we proved some properties about reflexivity. These formalizations are based on [19], [20], [8] and [1].

Topological Properties of Real Normed Space

Summary In this article, we formalize topological properties of real normed spaces. In the first part, open and closed, density, separability and sequence and its convergence are discussed. Then we argue properties of real normed subspace. Then we discuss linear functions between real normed speces. Several kinds of subspaces induced by linear functions such as kernel, image and inverse image are considered here. The fact that Lipschitz continuity operators preserve convergence of sequences is also refered here. Then we argue the condition when real normed subspaces become Banach’s spaces. We also formalize quotient vector space. In the last session, we argue the properties of the closure of real normed space. These formalizations are based on [19](p.3-41), [2] and [34](p.3-67).

Differential Equations on Functions from R into Real Banach Space

In this article, we describe the differential equations on functions from R into real Banach space. The descriptions are based on the article [20]. As preliminary to the proof of these theorems, we proved some properties of differentiable functions on real normed space. For the proof we referred to descriptions and theorems in the article [21] and the article [32]. And applying the theorems of Riemann integral introduced in the article [22], we proved the ordinary differential equations on real Banach space. We referred to the methods of proof in [30].

Isometric Differentiable Functions on Real Normed Space

In this article, we formalize isometric differentiable functions on real normed space [17], and their properties.

Riemann Integral of Functions from ℝ into Real Banach Space

Summary In this article we deal with the Riemann integral of functions from R into a real Banach space. The last theorem establishes the integrability of continuous functions on the closed interval of reals. To prove the integrability we defined uniform continuity for functions from R into a real normed space, and proved related theorems. We also stated some properties of finite sequences of elements of a real normed space and finite sequences of real numbers. In addition we proved some theorems about the convergence of sequences. We applied definitions introduced in the previous article [21] to the proof of integrability.