A REVIEW OF DISRUPTION MANAGEMENT IN VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM (VRP), TRANSPORT DESIGN AND SCHEDULING

In the case of an unexpected occurrence, disruption management is a method of rescheduling activities and it has been used in a variety of fields, including organized carrier scheduling and project management. The purpose of this review is to examine Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), the problems of Heuristics for Delivery Waste Collection (VRP), ARC Routing, Node Routing, and Container/skip. Other issues and problems examined in the paper were Non-Skip, Algorithms for the VRP, Improvement Algorithms, Simulated Annealing, and ACO for Capacitated Vehicle Routing, Clustering Analysis, and Probabilistic-D Cluster Analysis. It covers the fundamental characteristics of disruption management as well as the related goals and kinds of disruption that may occur in this setting. The various formulations and solution techniques are discussed in facets. A collection of relevant articles has been summarized and categorized according to the kind of disruption problem being addressed, the relevant goals, and the solution method used to resolve the problem. Vehicles must be emptied at a trash disposal facility before they may be used to collect garbage from further clients. The growing amount of solid waste generated as a result of p

Unsaturated mine tailings disposal

Filtered tailings is the disposal technology that is most likely to yield an unsaturated state of the tailings. Such state has important benefits. A dam to contain the mine wastes is no longer needed, the risk of polluting seepage is minimized, and liquefaction of tailings is prevented. Filtering also allows most of the water mixed with the tailings to be recovered and reused in the process. The resulting material can be handled with traditional soil moving equipment to form a stack, for instance. While the idea is simple, the multiple phenomena involved in the tailings unsaturated disposal make up a complex process. The present work is based on a case study, the Casposo Mine filtered tailings disposal facility, located in the central Andes of Argentina. Throughout ten years of operation, a series of field and laboratory studies have been carried out to characterize the phenomena that intervene in the disposal of filtered tailings. Two stages were studied in detail: air drying upon tailings discharge and tailings compression under the weight of the subsequent lifts of the stack. Flocculant agents were found to have an outstanding influence in the tailings behaviour. Because of the multiple influencing factors, the process outcome (namely, the tailings water content and their void ratio) is highly variable. To deal with such variability, projects must include enough redundancy. In this regard, the case study’s incorporation of waste rock layers interspersed between tailings layers was a successful experience.