Analysis of Activation Process of Carbon Black Based on Structural Parameters Obtained by XRD Analysis

In the present study, carbon black activated by CO2 gas was examined through XRD analysis, especially with regard to changes in its structural parameters. Based on the results, its activation process was thoroughly analyzed. The activation process was controlled by isothermally activating the carbon black inside a reaction tube through which CO2 gas flowed. With this approach, the degree of activation was varied as desired. At an early stage of the activation process, the amorphous fraction on the carbon black surface was preferentially activated, and later the less-developed crystalline carbon (LDCC) region inside the carbon black particles started to be activated. The latter process was attributable to the formation of pores inside the carbon black particles. As the activation process proceeded further, the more-developed crystalline carbon (MDCC) region started to be activated, thereby causing the pores inside the carbon black particles to grow larger. At the last stage of the activation process, La was found to be decreased to about 40 Å. This implied that the edges of the graphite crystals had been activated, thus causing the internal pores to grow and coalesce into larger pores. Activated conductive Super-P with enhanced pore properties is expected to have wide applications.

Effect of Carbon Black Surface Treatment on the AC Electrical Properties of PP-Based Composites

Carbon black was first activated by grafting and coupling respectively. Then the grafted carbon black, coupled carbon black, together with the unmodified carbon black was filled into polypropylene to prepare three kinds of composites respectively. The measurements of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and alternating current (AC) electrical properties were performed on the composites. And the effect of CB activation on the AC electrical properties was analyzed. Seen from the result of FTIR spectra it can be found that different groups are bonded to the surface of carbon black after activation. For the corresponding conductive composites,it was found that the value of percolation threshold decreases and the electrical conductivity improves consequently after the carbon black activation. The influence of carbon black activation on the AC electrical properties of the composites and their variation with frequency was analyzed. The AC conduction mechanism was discussed and the conduction model was constructed based on the analysis.

Adsorption ability of the carbon black for nickel ions uptake from aqueous solution

Surface modification can be performed by adsorption of certain organic compounds on the surface of carbon. The main objective of this work was to compare the adsorption ability of acid-modified carbon black with the non-modified one. Modification process was performed by adsorption of acetic acid onto commercial carbon black surface. A batch adsorption system was applied to study the both adsorption reaction, acetic acid and Ni(II) adsorption onto the carbon black. Adsorption isotherms of acetic acid and Ni(II) adsorption onto the non-modified and modified carbon black were fitted by classical adsorption models, such as Freundlich and Langmuir models. Modified carbon black surface become more active for Ni(II) ions removal from aqueous solutions. The results showed that modification by acetic acid increases the adsorption capacity of carbon black from 18.3823 mg Ni(II) g-1 to 86.9566 mg Ni(II) g-1. SEM analysis enabled the observation of any surface changes in the carbon black that have occurred due to either acid modification or Ni(II) adsorption.