Clinicopathological study of testicular lesions

Background: Testis is affected by both neoplastic and non neoplastic conditions. Non neoplastic lesions of the testis include epididymo-orchitis, testicular atrophy, undescended testis, testicular abscess etc. Testicular tumors are relatively rare. They constitute the 4th most common cause of death from neoplasia in the young males. This study was undertaken to study the histopathological spectrum, age wise distribution and clinical symptoms of testicular lesions.Methods: This is a retrospective study of three years conducted in the department of pathology, Aurangabad from June 2015 to May 2018. It included all the orchidectomy specimens received from the department of surgery and excluded the orchidectomy specimens sent for infertility and prostatic carcinoma. A detail clinical history was taken. Histopathological examination was done after routine processing and staining with H and E. The data collected was tabulated, analysed and compared to other similar studies.Results: We studied 70 cases. Non neoplastic testicular lesions were 57 and 13 were neoplastic. Non neoplastic testicular lesions were more common than the neoplastic ones. Non neoplastic testicular lesions presented most commonly in the 2nd decade. Most common non neoplastic lesion was epididymo-orchitis followed by torsion, atrophy and testicular abscess. Most common neoplasm was malignant mixed germ cell tumor. Most of the patients of neoplasms presented in the 3rd decade. The most common complaint was testicular swelling and pain.Conclusions: Majority of testicular lesions are non neoplastic. Neoplastic lesions are rare. Non neoplastic lesions mimic neoplastic ones clinically, as testicular swelling is the most common complaint. So histopathological diagnosis is necessary for an accurate diagnosis of testicular lesions.

Testicular abscess

In the present literature review modern view on the etiopathogenesis, clinical course, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of testicular abscess, which is a rare disease, are described. Testicular abscess develops most often as a result of acute epididymo-orchitis (more than 80% of all cases), much rarer due to testicular inversion and injury. The etiological agent is often E. coli. The disease occurs at any age, especially in immunocompromised patients. Clinical and laboratory picture of testicular abscess has symptomatic nature and consists of local and general signs of purulent inflammation. There are no pathognomonic clinical symptoms. Testicular abscess may occur under the guise of acute inguinal and scrotal area diseases, in a quarter of patients it is characterized by inapparent clinical and laboratory course, simulating testicular tumor or tuberculous orchitis. Diagnostic difficulties are caused by nonspecific clinical and laboratory characteristics and radiation patterns, disease infrequency and a lack of awareness among physicians. Suspicion of testicular abscess arise in ineffectiveness of antibiotic therapy for acute epididymo-orchitis during the first 5-7 days of disease and makes physician to perform necessary X-ray studies. The method of choice for the testicular abscess diagnosis is ultrasound examination. The diagnostic capabilities of other radiation techniques have currently been studying. Ultrasound picture of testicular abscess depending on the disease stage is varying and does not differ from the ultrasound picture of abscess of other localization. The most difficult is differential diagnosis of abscess and testicular tumors. In diagnostically ambiguous cases, ultrasound-guided percutaneous testicle biopsy or exploratory surgery are performed. Choice of treatment method is determined by the disease stage. A variety of conservative and surgical treatment methods of the testicular abscess are applied, such as antibiotic therapy, percutaneous puncture and ultrasound-guided abscess aspiration, abscessotomy and orchiectomy. Prognosis for life is favorable with timely treatment of disease.