Policy Diffusion of Performance Funding Equity Metrics: Traditional Neighbor and Dyadic Survival Analyses

While previous research on higher education policy diffusion often conceptualizes diffusion as occuring across neighboring governments, we conceptualize policy diffusion as also occuring across pairs of governments (dyads) regardless of geographic proximity. We apply both conceptualizations and use survival analysis techniques to examine factors associated with state adoption of performance funding equity metrics. Results show that the proportion of neighbors with equity metrics is unrelated to the likelihood of adopting a metric for either the 2- or 4-year sector, suggesting no evidence of policy diffusion across borders. The directed dyad analysis reveals that states are less likely to adopt a 4-year metric when the other state in the pair already operates a 4-year metric, indicating that states look beyond neighbors in policy avoidance behaviors. Internal state factors such as higher levels of legislative professionalism and greater enrollment of underrepresented minority and low-income students increase the likelihood of policy adoption. A state is less likely to imitate the adoption of 2-year equity metrics in another state when the pair show greater differences in legislative professionalism, minority and low-income student enrollment, income per capita, and income inequality. Our research highlights the utility of quantitatively modeling policy diffusion across governmental units that are distantly located, especially for higher education policy components that are nationally visible.

The Impact of Performance-Based Funding on Historically Black Colleges and Universities

More than half of the states in the U.S. fund public colleges and universities, based in part on those institutions meeting performance metrics. Given increasing political and public interest in accountability for public resources, it is likely more states will adopt incentive-based finance policies for postsecondary education. This chapter explores how performance-based funding has affected HBCUs in six states. It situates this analysis in the political context that foments and sustains interest in this finance mechanism. Through descriptive statistical analysis of HBCU achievement on key performance funding measures and interview responses with HBCU and higher education representatives, this chapter offers a more nuanced and comprehensive analysis of the outcomes of performance funding as it is applied to HBCUs.

Internationalization of Small and Medium Enterprises in Indian Business Incubators

The purpose of this paper is to study whether business incubation can contribute to the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) internationalization. As the main objective of BI is to increase the survival of new firms, to achieve this goal they need to support them in foreign trade for their rational growth and development which will make them to succeed in their contribution of entrepreneurship development. In this globalized environment, it is becoming necessary to do business worldwide especially, to protect the firms from resource adequacy. In this study, we analysed few empirical research related to SME internationalization with a perspective to identify the available antecedents and outcomes which would make the enterprises beneficial as well as to become sustainable in the market. While, many past studies have measured the services of incubation with various factors like network, social capital, firm’s performance, funding, human resource, etc., there are very few studies that has looked into the process of internationalization of incubated firms. Hence, there is a need for review of literature in this context, to find out the consequences of BI towards internationalization and the survival of the SMEs, which is its ultimate goal. It is also useful for the researchers to build a framework with respect to the measurement of business incubation internationalization process. Finally, this review fills the existing gap in the field of internationalization of SME under business incubation