RAGWEED AND MUGWORT POLLEN (ASTERACEAE FAMILY) - MONITORING AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SEASONAL DYNAMICS DURING 2011-2017

In addition to appearing in crops, weeds may pose a risk to human health, indirectly due to the widespread use of herbicides and directly, because they are source of pollen that in susceptible people can cause allergic reactions. Among the weed species, the main allergens are the species of the botanical family: Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, Urticaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Plantaginaceae. Asteraceae family includes 1,100 genera and 20,000 species, which is one of the largest flowering plants. However, in our area as a potential allergen the most important is Ambrosia and Artemisia pollen. Sampling of ragweed and mugwort pollen during the pollination period 2012-2017 was conducted in urban part of Banja Luka in PI AIRS, BL with Hirst sampler using the method defined by the International Association for Aerobiology (IAA). The first mugwort pollen grains in 2011 were recorded at the end of May, during 2012 and 2016 in the first decade of June, and from 2013 to 2015, as well in 2017 in the second decade of June. Mugwort pollination period lasted for an average of 55 days and it was characterized by low (1-10 p/m3) to moderate (11-50 p/m3) concentrations. The ragweed period pollination during the seven-year monitoring lasted, on average, about 115 days. High concentrations (51-500 p/m3) were recorded between the second decade of August to the third decade of September, while very high concentrations (501 p/m3) were recorded only in 2011. On an annual basis not only the season of ragweed pollination lasted longer, but the results of the monitoring and comparative analysis showed significantly higher % share of ragweed pollen within the weed species in the family Asteraceae in the city of Banja Luka.

Integrating Phenological, Aerobiological and Weather Data to Study the Local and Regional Flowering Dynamics of Four Grapevine Cultivars

Phenological, aerobiological, and weather data are useful tools to study local and regional flowering dynamics in crops with economic importance. The present study focuses on four autochthonous grapevine cultivars, namely, ‘Treixadura’, ‘Godello’, ‘Loureira’, and ‘Albariño’ (Vitis vinifera L.), which belong to the Designation of Origin Ribeiro area (located in northwestern Spain) from 2015–2019. The aims of the work were to (1) compare the airborne pollen concentration in the vineyard collected by two different traps, (2) analyze the influence of the main meteorological variables on cultivar phenology and pollen concentration, and (3) test the contribution of the air masses on pollen concentrations in the vineyard. Phenological development has been assessed twice weekly, according to the Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie (BBCH) scale. Airborne pollen concentrations were monitored by using two traps during stage 6 (flowering), namely, a Hirst volumetric sampler and a Cour passive trap. The bioclimatic conditions affected the duration of flowering, ranging from 11 and 24 days. The highest seasonal pollen integral (SPIn) was registered in 2016 for the Hirst sampler, with 302 pollen, and in 2019 for the Cour trap, with 1,797,765 pollen/m2/day. The main variables affecting pollen concentrations were average temperature during the main pollen season, as well as, temperatures and dew points during the pre-peak period. The relationship between pollen data registered by both traps and the obtained harvest indicate that the Hirst trap may be more suitable for predicting a local production and that the Cour sampler is more appropriate for forecasting regional productions.