Changes in the concentration of methane in the ecosystem in vitro against the background of Asteraceae family plants biomass

The assessment of Asteráceae Family Plants (rhizomes and roots of elecampane and wormwood) influence on the process of methane formation in the rumen ecosystem and metabolic processes was carried out. Studies (in vitro) were carried out using ANKOM Daisy II incubator (modifications D200 and D200I) according to a specialized method. Rumen contents were obtained from beef bulls with chronic rumen fistula. Gas analysis of air and volatile fatty acids samples was performed by gas chromatography. The results of the study showed that different dosages of phytobiotic preparations did not significantly affect the characteristics of fermentation in vitro. Phytobiotic preparations of elecampane and wormwood reduce the production of methane in the ruminal fluid, which may be associated with various active components or dosages of their administration.

Potential of Medicinal Plants in the Asteraceae Family Found in Harau Lima Puluh Kota Regency

Harau is one of the areas with a wealth of flora and has not been fully explored, especially for medicinal plants. This research was carried out in July-September 2020 in Harau, Lima Puluh Kota District, using an exploratory survey by observing the research location. Samples of species in the Asteraceae family were taken as data, photos were tken, and samples of plants as herbarium specimens were taken as identification material. Furthermore, a literature review was carried out on this Asteraceae family plant which could be used as medicinal ingredients. Data analysis was done descriptively. The data obtained was presented in tabular form. Identification of plants of the Asteraceae family found in Harau and species of this family that had the potential for treatment were identified using the identification guide literature. Based on the research conducted, it was found that 28 species in the Harau, Lima Puluh Kota District, with habitus terna, sufrutex, frutex, and liana. The Asteraceae family consisted of only one genus, except for Eupatorium which had three species, and Bidens which had two species.

THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE FRACTIONS OF THE AERIAL PART OF CULTIVATED CHICORY AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a biennial or perennial herb of the Asteraceae family, growing in the Russian Federation under natural conditions in meadows, forest glades, grassy slopes, as well as on wastelands, fields, overgrown dumps and roadsides. Along with the wild-growing chicory, breeding varieties of cultivated plants are also known, intended for obtaining roots, while the aboveground part, which is a root rosette of leaves, is a production waste. The purpose of this study was to study the qualitative composition and antioxidant properties of biologically active substances (BAS) of the aerial part of cultivated chicory and to assess the potential for using secondary raw materials of this plant in the pharmaceutical industry for obtaining medicines. As a result of the study by HPLC-UV-MS / MS, it was found that the phenolic complex of the aerial part of the cultivated chicory is represented by phenol carboxylic acids - esters of caffeic, ferulic, coumaric acids with organic acids (quinic and tartaric) in various combinations; trace amounts of oxycoumarins (chicoriin); flavonoids (glycosides of quercetin, luteolin and isorhamnetin). The study of the antioxidant properties of BAS fractions of different polarity showed that the ethyl acetate fraction has the highest activity. It was found that the main dominant compound of this fraction is cichoric acid, which suggests that it is this metabolite that makes a decisive contribution to the antioxidant activity of the fraction and the extract as a whole.

Multiple Species of Asteraceae Plants are Susceptible to Root Infection by the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

The necrotrophic fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum can cause disease on numerous plant species, including many important crops. Most S. sclerotiorum-incited diseases of crop plants are initiated by airborne ascospores produced when fungal sclerotia germinate to form spore-bearing apothecia. However, basal stalk rot of sunflower occurs when S. sclerotiorum sclerotia germinate to form mycelia within the soil which subsequently invade sunflower roots. To determine if other plant species in the Asteraceae family are susceptible to root infection by S. sclerotiorum, cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and seven other Asteraceae species were evaluated for S. sclerotiorum root infection by inoculation with either sclerotia or mycelial inoculum. Additionally, root susceptibility of sunflower was compared to that of dry edible bean and canola, two plant species susceptible to S. sclerotiorum but not known to display root-initiated infections. Results indicated that multiple Asteraceae family plants are susceptible to S. sclerotiorum root infection after inoculation with either sclerotia or mycelium. These observations expand the range of plant hosts susceptible to S. sclerotiorum root infection, elucidate differences in root inoculation methodology, and emphasize the importance of soil-borne infection to Asteraceae crop and weed species.

Determination of Phytoextraction and Hyperaccumulating Capacity of Artemisa Dracunculus L and Erigeron Canadensis Plants of The Asteraceae Family.

One of its key aspects is the performance of plant extraction, the end-use of by-products and the recognition of its overall economic viability. Overall, phytoextraction seems to be a very promising technology for the removal of metallic pollutants from the environment and is being commercialized. In genetic engineering, support for the current plant phytoremedetion list plays a major role. Because it makes it possible to insert which genes in genetically modified plants the plant to metabolize a specific pollutant. In the sequence to be used for phytoremediation. In Turkey, the steel industry and its subindustries operate intensively in Karabuk province. It is located in the western region of the Black Sea and grew rapidly. For this reason, plants that grow in areas and soil samples around their roots are with anthropogenic pollution were taken in connection with the steel industry and the building industry where the waste is discharged. For guidance, samples of plants and soils of the same species were collected from orchards where industrial pollution and agricultural activity have not occurred, in order to worth comparing them. Thus, the properties of the hyperaccumulator and accumulation were investigated. These are Artemisa Dracunculus L (AD) and Erigeron Canadensis (EC) in the Asteraceae family. As the BAF shoot values of the AD plant are Pb and Se > 1, this is an accumulator plant for Pb and Se. At the EC plant, this is an accumulator for Pb, as only Pb>1. Since Cr, Hg, Sn and Cl <1, these elements are presumed to be exclusionary. Also, the two plants can be classified as potentially Ni-hyperaccumulatory plants because Ni is greater than 10 (Ni>10). BAF root of both plants has high phytostabilization capacity for CD from CD>1. The concentrations of Cd TF >1 in the leaf, stem and root indicate high phytoextraction efficiency and it can be said that it will exhibit high activity in soils contaminated by the CD. In addition, due to the fact that the Cd concentrations of both plants are close to the hyperaccumulator plant BAF, studies can be carried out to evaluate them as Cd-hyperaccumulator plant in future studies.

Peculiarities of the Transformation of Asteraceae Family Species: The Cases of Sunflower and Lettuce

The Asteraceae family is the largest and most diversified family of the Angiosperms, characterized by the presence of numerous clustered inflorescences, which have the appearance of a single compound flower. It is estimated that this family represents around 10% of all flowered species, with a great biodiversity, covering all environments on the planet, except Antarctica. Also, it includes economically important crops, such as lettuce, sunflower, and chrysanthemum; wild flowers; herbs, and several species that produce molecules with pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, the biotechnological improvement of this family is limited to a few species and their genetic transformation was achieved later than in other plant families. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a model species in molecular biology and plant biotechnology that has easily adapted to tissue culture, with efficient shoot regeneration from different tissues, organs, cells, and protoplasts. Due to this plasticity, it was possible to obtain transgenic plants tolerant to biotic or abiotic stresses as well as for the production of commercially interesting molecules (molecular farming). These advances, together with the complete sequencing of lettuce genome allowed the rapid adoption of gene editing using the CRISPR system. On the other hand, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a species that for years was considered recalcitrant to in vitro culture. Although this difficulty was overcome and some publications were made on sunflower genetic transformation, until now there is no transgenic variety commercialized or authorized for cultivation. In this article, we review similarities (such as avoiding the utilization of the CaMV35S promoter in transformation vectors) and differences (such as transformation efficiency) in the state of the art of genetic transformation techniques performed in these two species.

Phytochemistry and Evidence-Based Traditional Uses of the Genus Achillea L.: An Update (2011–2021)

Knowledge within the field of phytochemistry research has accelerated at a tremendous speed. The excess of literature reports featuring plants of high ethnopharmacological importance, in combination with our interest in the Asteraceae family and traditional medicine, led us to acknowledge the value of the Achillea L. genus. In a broad context, the various Achillea species are used around the globe for the prevention and treatment of different diseases, including gastrointestinal problems, haemorrhages, pneumonia, rheumatic pains, diuresis, inflammation, infections, and wounds, as well as menstrual and gynaecologic abnormalities. The present review aims to provide and summarize the recent literature (2011–2021) on the phytochemistry of the Achillea genus. In parallel, this study attempts to bridge the reports on the traditional uses with modern pharmacological data. Research articles that focused on secondary metabolites, traditional uses and pharmacological activities were collected from various scientific databases such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Reaxys and Google Scholar. This study revealed the presence of 141 phytochemicals, while 24 traditionally used Achillea spp. were discussed in comparison to current data with an experimental basis.

Genetic background of sesquiterpene lactones biosynthesis in Asteraceae. A review

Asteraceae family is a rich source of many sesquiterpene lactones (STLs). These secondary metabolites exhibit multidirectional activity including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory or antimicrobial, just to name a few. Promising approach of metabolic engineering offers a way of increasing the production of STLs by reconstruction of their biosynthetic pathway in a heterologous system. Moreover, their production in host plants might be increased through overexpression of biosynthetic genes and/or transcription factors (TFs) positively regulating the pathway. Either of the strategies requires extensive knowledge on the genetic background of STLs biosynthesis pathway. This review summarizes molecular investigations concerning biosynthesis of these medicinally essential metabolites.

Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Tomentosin: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms

Tomentosin is a natural compound known for its presence in some medicinal plants of the Asteraceae family such as Inula viscosa. Recent studies have highlighted its anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Its anticancer mechanisms are unique and act at different levels ranging from cellular organization to molecular transcriptional factors and epigenetic modifications. Tomentosin’s possession of the modulatory effect on telomerase expression on tumor cell lines has captured the interest of researchers and spurred a more robust study on its anticancer effect. Since inflammation has a close link with cancer disease, this natural compound appears to be a potential cancer-fighting drug. Indeed, its recently demonstrated anti-inflammatory action can be considered as a starting point for its evaluation as an anticancer chemo-preventive agent