Heresenes's Short Life under a "Starry Night"

Heresenes is a mummified 25th Dynasty (ca. 746–653 B.C.) Egyptian woman from Luxor, Egypt. Nondestructive evaluation through computerized tomography (CT) showed a failed attempt at excerebration, leaving Heresenes’s meninges and brain in situ. The brain structure shows numerous millimetric dense calcific nodules, a CT brain pattern dubbed “starry night,” which is consistent with a diagnosis of neurocysticercosis in a nodular calcified stage. A similar speckled pattern in the upper spinal cord and in the heart supports the identification of a disseminated stage of this parasitic disease. If this were the case, then this would be the oldest documented case of this disease known in ancient Egypt, and the first nondestructive radiological diagnosis of it in a completely wrapped Egyptian mummy.Heresenes est une femme Égyptienne momifiée de la 25e dynastie (c. 746 aC–653 aC). L'évaluation non destructive par tomodensitométrie (TDM) a montré l'échec de la tentative d'excérébration, laissant les méninges et le cerveau d'Heresenes in situ. La structure cérébrale présente de nombreux nodules calciques denses millimétriques, une apparence en TDM surnommé «nuit étoilée», ce qui est cohérent avec un diagnostic de neurocysticercose dans un stade nodulaire calcifié. Un motif similaire dans la moelle épinière supérieure et dans le coeur soutien l´identification dun processus disséminé de cette maladie parasitaire. Si tel était le cas, ce serait le plus ancien cas documenté de cette maladie connue dans l'Égypte ancienne, et le premier diagnostic radiologique non destructif dans une momie égyptienne complètement enveloppée.

Case Report: A Fatal Case of West Nile Virus Meningoencephalomyelitis in a Woman with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Initially Misdiagnosed as SARS-CoV-2 Infection

We present a fatal case of West Nile virus meningoencephalomyelitis initially misdiagnosed as COVID-19 in a 63-year-old Egyptian woman with a previous diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. The patient’s medical history and immunosuppressive therapy, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, substantially broadened the differential diagnosis of her encephalitis.

Differentiation of Zaghrouta, Ululation to Express Joy in the Middle East, from Movement Disorders and Other Conditions

Introduction: Clinicians are trained to elicit symptoms and signs to formulate a differential diagnosis. Ruling out treatable diseases is crucial. Movement disorders specialists interpret observable behaviors as indicators of potential pathological processes. Movement disorders specialists must be able to identify symptoms and signs of organic disorders as well as actions that represent normal behaviors in healthy members of specific ethnic and cultural groups. The goal of this presentation is to describe zaghrouta, a manifestation of joy in the Middle East and other cultures, and to differentiate this normal expression of feelings from movement disorders, exaggerated startle responses, and functional disorders. Case Presentation: A 29-year-old Egyptian woman observed the performance of zaghrouta frequently for happy events in her family, neighborhood, and community since early childhood as long as she can remember. Ten years ago she herself first performed zaghrouta at the engagement party of her friend. Since then she has performed zaghrouta five or six times a year to express happiness for cheerful events. Conclusions: Zaghrouta may resemble pathological behaviors seen in movement disorders as tardive dyskinesia, focal seizures, psychiatric manifestations as catatonia in schizophrenia, tics in the syndrome of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, and functional disorders. Therefore, clinicians around the world must be able to differentiate this normal behavior to express emotions from abnormal behaviors indicating pathology.

Interferensi Fonologis Bahasa Inggris dalam Video Youtube “Egyptian Woman Has A Serious Message for Obama”

Setiap bahasa memiliki sistem bunyi yang berbeda-beda. Perbedaan tersebut menjadi salah satu penyebab terjadinya interferensi fonologis. Fenomena interferensi fonologis kerap terjadi pada penutur jati dalam tahap belajar bahasa kedua (B2), salah satunya adalah bahasa Inggris. Studi ini meneliti tuturan bahasa Inggris wanita penutur jati bahasa Arab Mesir dalam video Youtube yang diunggah oleh Amin S. Gejala interferensi fonologis yang diamati berimplikasi pada perubahan bunyi. Bentuk perubahan bunyi yang ditemukan antara lain berupa penggantian bunyi, penambahan bunyi dan pengurangan bunyi. Berdasarkan pengamatan, dua faktor yang menyebabkan hal tersebut terjadi adalah perbedaan sistem bunyi antara bahasa Arab dan bahasa Inggris serta pengaruh ragam dialek yang ada di Mesir.

Egyptian Hagar

Chapter 2 explores the interpretation of Hagar in nineteenth-century pro- and anti-slavery literature in the United States. This chapter illustrates how nineteenth-century interpreters distance Hagar’s Egyptian ethnicity from any connection with African Americans. As well, it shows how they regard biblical enslavement as distinct from US chattel enslavement. While abolitionists and pro-slavery advocates argue using biblical texts, interpreters on both sides tend not to cite texts relating to the Hagar/Ishmael narrative. Although Hagar is an enslaved Egyptian woman, these interpreters tend not to regard her plight as analogous to that of enslaved African peoples in the United States.

Joseph in Love

This chapter treats the romance that we know of as Joseph and Aseneth, the earliest parts of which may be Hellenistic. It is an extraordinary sequel to the Potiphar’s wife story, in which Joseph marries a native Egyptian woman, who then converts to Judaism. The romance emerges as a complex meditation on the challenges of intermarriage, in the context of biblical prohibition (and, implicitly, the Egyptian practice of sibling marriage), but also as a text that itself sits between cultures, blending Jewish, Greek and Egyptian elements.

Radwa Ashour, African American Criticism, and the Production of Modern Arabic Literature

In 1973, at the suggestion of her mentor Shirley Graham Du Bois, the Egyptian scholar, activist, teacher, and novelist Radwa Ashour enrolled at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, to study African American literature and culture. Ashour’s 1975 dissertation “The Search for a Black Poetics: A Study of Afro-American Critical Writings,” along with her 1983 autobiography,Al-Rihla: Ayyam taliba misriyya fi amrika[The Journey: An Egyptian Woman Student’s Memoirs in America], specifically engage with debates that emerged at the First International Congress of Negro Writers and Artists in September 1956 between African Americans and others from the African diaspora (most notably Aimé Césaire) regarding the applicability of the “colonial thesis” to the United States. This article argues that Ashour’s early engagement with African American cultural politics are formative of her fiction, particularly her 1991 novel,Siraaj: An Arab Tale,which examines overlapping questions of slavery, empire, and colonialism in the Arab world.