Vitamin D Effects on Guided Bone Regeneration and Osseointegration of Dental Implants (Literature Review)

Background.Due to the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency as well as the frequency of reconstructive surgical interventions followed by dental implantation, the issue arises concerning the effect of Vitamin D on reparative regeneration of bone and osseointegration of dental implants.The purpose using literature data we are conducting an impact assessment of vitamin D on reparative regeneration of bone tissue, in particular, after oral reconstruction surgeries and dental implantation.Methods.Retrieval, systematization and analysis of scientific data on application of vitamin D supplementation and its effect on reparative regeneration of jaw bone tissue.The conclusions.For the most part, the positive effect exerted on reparative regeneration of jaw bone tissue and osseointegration of dental implants is due to the role of vitamin D in physiological processes evolving in bone tissue, namely maintenance of calcium and phosphate exchange through intestinal absorption and TNF, RANKL (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand) and consequently differentiation of precursors to osteoclasts into osteoclasts through VDR stimulation (VitaminD Receptor) receptors for further osteogenesis. Also, according to literature data, FGF23 (Fibroblast Growth Factor) protein is a marker of osteoblasts differentiation into osteocytes, it is also known that FGF23 and 1,25(ОН)2D3 are genetically related. FGF23 is the main regulator of both phosphate exchange in bones and metabolism of vitamin D and its metabolites. Besides, indirect anti-inflammatory effect has been observed thanks to inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Taking into account the abovementioned data, of particular relevance is the definition of serum concentration 25(ОН)D and development of schemes of vitamin D level pre-surgery correction in patients, who have to undergo oral reconstruction surgeries and dental implantation. Mass spectrometry is a promising diagnostic method for determining the level of vitamin D in a body, as it allows to identify the actual amount of vitamin D free from admixture of other steroid hormones. The introduction of this method into clinical practice will allow to monitor the level of vitamin D in patients, receiving reconstructive and rehabilitative treatment.

Técnica de uso do corpo adiposo da bochecha para reconstrução orbitária

O corpo adiposo da bochecha é uma massa tubular de gordura localizado no espaço bucal, entre os músculos masseter e o bucinador, auxiliando nos processos de sucção e mastigação, além de desempenhar uma função protetora de algumas estruturas da face. Devido à sua rica vascularização, tamanho semelhante em todos os indivíduos, fácil acesso e pequena taxa de complicações, é usado para vários fins terapêuticos. Neste artigo é relatado um caso clínico no qual o corpo adiposo de bichat é utilizado em uma reconstrução orbitária para dar volume ao conteúdo orbitário.Descritores: Tecido Adiposo; Corpo Adiposo; Cirurgia Bucal.ReferênciasShoja MM, Tubbs RS, Loukas M, Shokouhi G, Ardalan MR. Marie-François Xavier Bichat (1771-1802) and his contributions to the foundations of pathological anatomy and modern medicine. Ann Anat.2008;190(5):413-20Alonso-González R, Peñarrocha-Diago M, Peñarrocha-Oltra D, Aloy-Prósper A, Camacho-Alonso F, Peñarrocha-Diago M. Closure of oroantral communications with Bichat´s buccal fat pad. Level of patient satisfaction. J Clin Exp Dent. 2015;7(1):e28-33.Peñarrocha-Oltra D, Alonso-González R, Pellicer-Chover H, Aloy-Prósper A, Peñarrocha-Diago M. Closure of oroantral communication with buccal fat pad after removing bilateral failed zygomatic implants: A case report and 6-month follow-up. J Clin Exp Dent. 2015;7(1):e159-62.Baumann A, Ewers R. Application of the buccal fat pad in oral reconstruction. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000;58(4):389-92.Zhang HM, Yan YP, Qi KM, Wang JQ, Liu ZF. Anatomical structure of the buccal fat pad and its clinical adaptations. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002; 109(7):2519-20.Stuzin JM, Wagstrom L, Kawamoto HK, Baker TJ, Wolfe SA. The anatomy and clinical application of the buccal fat pad. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990;85(1):29-37.Pessa JE, Rohrich RJ. Discussion: aging changes of the midfacial fat compartments: a computed tomographic study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012; 129(1):274-75.Xu J, Yu Y. A modified surgical method of lower-face recontouring. Aesth Plast Surg. 2013; 37(2):216-21.Martin-Granizo R, Naval L, Costas A, Goizueta C, Rodriguez F, Monje F et al. Use of buccal fat pad to repair intraoral defects: review of 30 cases. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1997;35(2):81-4.Carbonell A, Salavert A, Planas J. Resection of the Buccal Fat Pad in the Treatment of Hypertrophy of the Masseter Muscle. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1991;15(3):219-22Meyer E, Liebenberg SJ, Fagan JJ. Buccal fat pad-a simple underutilised flap. S Afr J Surg. 2012; 50(2): 47-9.Berrone M, Florindi FU, Carbone V, Aldiano C, Pentenero M. Stage 3 medication-related osteonecrosis of the posterior maxilla: surgical treatment using a pedicled buccal fat pad flap: case reports. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015; 73(11): 2082-86.