Cell complexes, poset topology and the representation theory of algebras arising in algebraic combinatorics and discrete geometry

In recent years it has been noted that a number of combinatorial structures such as real and complex hyperplane arrangements, interval greedoids, matroids and oriented matroids have the structure of a finite monoid called a left regular band. Random walks on the monoid model a number of interesting Markov chains such as the Tsetlin library and riffle shuffle. The representation theory of left regular bands then comes into play and has had a major influence on both the combinatorics and the probability theory associated to such structures. In a recent paper, the authors established a close connection between algebraic and combinatorial invariants of a left regular band by showing that certain homological invariants of the algebra of a left regular band coincide with the cohomology of order complexes of posets naturally associated to the left regular band. The purpose of the present monograph is to further develop and deepen the connection between left regular bands and poset topology. This allows us to compute finite projective resolutions of all simple modules of unital left regular band algebras over fields and much more. In the process, we are led to define the class of CW left regular bands as the class of left regular bands whose associated posets are the face posets of regular CW complexes. Most of the examples that have arisen in the literature belong to this class. A new and important class of examples is a left regular band structure on the face poset of a CAT(0) cube complex. Also, the recently introduced notion of a COM (complex of oriented matroids or conditional oriented matroid) fits nicely into our setting and includes CAT(0) cube complexes and certain more general CAT(0) zonotopal complexes. A fairly complete picture of the representation theory for CW left regular bands is obtained.

Noncommutative inclusion–exclusion, representations of left regular bands and the Tsetlin library

We find a semigroup [Formula: see text], whose category of partial representations contains the representation category [Formula: see text] of the free left regular band [Formula: see text]. We use this to construct a resolution for the absolute kernel of a representation of [Formula: see text], for which the kernel [Formula: see text] of the Markov operation in the Tsetlin library model is a prominent example. We obtain a formula for the dimension of the absolute kernel, generalizing the equality of the dimension of [Formula: see text] to the number of derangements of order [Formula: see text].

GENERALIZATION OF F-INVERSE SEMIGROUPS BY USING MCALISTER'S APPROACH

We generalize the F-inverse semigroups within the class of lpp-semigroups by using McAlister's approach and FGC-systems. Consider a left GC - lpp monoid M. If M is lpp, then M is called a left F-pseudo group and for brevity, we call the semi-direct product of a left regular band and a cancellative monoid a twisted left cryptic group. In this paper, the structures of left F-pseudo groups are investigated. It is shown that a left F-pseudo group whose minimum right cancellative monoid congruence is cancellative can be embedded into a twisted left cryptic group. This result generalizes a number of known results in F-inverse semigroups previously given by C. C. Edwards, R. B. McFadden, L. O'Carrol, X. J. Guo and others. In particular, a new method constructing F -right inverse semigroups is provided.

Wreath Product Structure of Left C-rpp Semigroups

The concept of wreath product of semigroups was first introduced by Neumann in 1960, and later on, this concept was used by Preston to investigate the structure of some inverse semigroups. In this paper, we modify the wreath product given by Neumann and Preston to study the structure of some generalized Clifford semigroups. In particular, we prove that a semigroup is a left C-rpp semigroup if and only if it is the wreath product of a left regular band and a C-rpp semigroup. Our result provides a new insight to the structure of left C-rpp semigroups.

THE QUIVER OF THE SEMIGROUP ALGEBRA OF A LEFT REGULAR BAND

Recently it has been noticed that many interesting combinatorial objects belong to a class of semigroups called left regular bands, and that random walks on these semigroups encode several well-known random walks. For example, the set of faces of a hyperplane arrangement is endowed with a left regular band structure. This paper studies the module structure of the semigroup algebra of an arbitrary left regular band, extending results for the semigroup algebra of the faces of a hyperplane arrangement. In particular, a description of the quiver of the semigroup algebra is given and the Cartan invariants are computed. These are used to compute the quiver of the face semigroup algebra of a hyperplane arrangement and to show that the semigroup algebra of the free left regular band is isomorphic to the path algebra of its quiver.

Strong bands of groups of left quotients

An interesting concept of semigroups (and also rings) of (left) quotients, based on the notion of group inverse in a semigroup, was developed by J. B. Fountain, V. Gould and M. Petrich, in a series of papers (see [5]-[12]). Among the most interesting are semigroups having a semigroup of (left) quotients that is a union of groups. Such semigroups have been widely studied. Recall from [3] that a semigroup has a group of left quotients if and only if it is right reversible and cancellative. A more general result was obtained by V. Gould [10]. She proved that a semigroup has a semilattice of groups as its semigroup of left quotients if and only if it is a semilattice of right reversible, cancellative semigroups. This result has been since generalized by A. El-Qallali [4]. He proved that a semigroup has a left regular band of groups as its semigroup of left quotients if and only if it is a left regular band of right reversible, cancellative semigroups. Moreover, he proved that such semigroups can be also characterised as punched spined products of a left regular band and a semilattice of right reversible, cancellative semigroups. If we consider the proofs of their theorems, we will observe that the principal problem treated there can be formulated in the following way: Given a semigroup S that is a band B of right reversible, cancellative semigroups Si, i ε B, to each Si, we can associate its group of left quotients Gi. When is it possible to define a multiplication of such that Q becomes a semigroup having S as its left order, and especially, that Q becomes a band B of groups Gi, i E B?Applying the methods developed in [1] (see also [2]), in the present paper we show how this problem can be solved for Qto become a strong band of groups (that is in fact a band of groups whose idempotents form a subsemigroup, by [16, Theorem 2]. Moreover, we show how Gould's and El-Quallali's constructions of semigroups of left quotients of a semilattice and a left regular band of right reversible, cancellative semigroups, can be simplified.

Left regular bands of groups of left quotients

In this paper we characterize semigroups S which have a semigroup Q of left quotients, where Q is an ℛ-unipotent semigroup which is a band of groups. Recall that an ℛ-unipotent (or left inverse) semigroup S is one in which every ℛ-class contains a unique idempotent. It is well-known that any ℛ-unipotent semigroup 5 is a regular semigroup in which the set of idempotents is a left regular band in that efe = ef for any idempotents e, fin S. ℛ-unipotent semigroups were studied by several authors, see for example [1] and [13].Bailes [1]characterized ℛ-unipotent semigroups which are bands of groups. This characterization extended the structure of inverse semigroups which are semilattices of groups. Recently, Gould studied in [7]the semigroup S which has a semigroup Q of left quotients where Q is an inverse semigroup which is a semilattice of groups.