Association of HPV and EBV in Oral Verrucous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Verrucous Hyperplasia

Objective Oral verrucous squamous cell carcinoma or oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC) is a rare verrucous variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which accounts for 2 to 12% of all oral carcinomas. Oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) is clinically similar to OVC and has been proposed to be a precursor lesion of OVC. Etiopathogenesis of both lesions is still inconspicuous. Oncogenic viruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) have been reported to be associated with some cases of OSCC, and we hypothesized that it may act as a causative agent of these verrucous lesions. This study aimed to investigate frequency of HPV and EBV infections in OVC and OVH. Material and Methods Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a total of 35 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples, including 27 OVC samples and 8 OVH samples, were investigated for HPV and EBV infection. HeLa and B95-8 cell lines were used as positive controls of HPV and EBV PCR, respectively. Results All OVC and OVH samples show a positivity to GAPDH, whereas neither HPV nor EBV PCR products was detected in both OVC and OVH samples. Conclusions In summary, our study demonstrated that HPV and EBV are not involved in pathogenesis of OVC and OVH. Other etiologic factors contributing to OVC and OVH need to be further clarified.

Vulval squamous cell carcinoma arising from hidradenitis suppurrativa

A 47- year-old woman developed a rapidly enlarging vulvar mass. Although the clinical appearance suggested malignancy, its lack of atypia and invasion on initial superficial biopsy delayed the pathological diagnosis. It was not until a large incisional biopsy was performed that showed the diagnosis of verrucous squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) involving pre-existing sinuses of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). VSCC arising in HS is very rare and often leads to death in published cases. This case demonstrates the challenge in pathological diagnosis of this condition which impacted time to treatment.

A Rapid Growth of Verrucous Carcinoma After Biopsy: Treatment and Reconstruction

Summary: An increasing amount of evidence from clinical and experimental studies suggests that biopsies, thought to assist with definitive diagnoses, may aggravate tumor progression. We present a case of fast-growing giant verrucous squamous cell carcinoma, observed two weeks following biopsy. A 38-year-old man presented with a nose tumor that recurred two weeks after a biopsy and debridement to remove a lesion that was thought to be an abscess. Wide excision was performed on the tumor, frozen sectioned; the defect was reconstructed with a two-step forehead flap. The rapid tumor growth observed in this case raises the question of whether biopsies or other interventions may accelerate the growth of malignant tumors. Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma is slow-growing with a predilection for oral and nasal mucosa and rarely metastasizes. The patient presented here is an unusual case, with a tumor rapidly growing within fifteen days. A two-staged paramedian forehead flap is the workhorse of nasal reconstruction. Even though the benefit of doing biopsies overall outweighs the potential side effects, further research is required to determine whether biopsies affect the progression of the tumor. Early differential diagnosis is also crucial, as it may affect the patient's plan of treatment and prognosis. Giant tumors on the facial area may cause a functional and cosmetic disturbance. A two-step forehead flap produces a satisfactory cosmetic appearance for the patient one-year post-procedure.

Penile verrucous squamous cell carcinoma: A rare case report

Penile cancer is a rare type of urological cancer. Predisposing factors include phimosis, poor hygiene, and smoking. Circumcision in early childhood has been shown to be protective against penile cancer. About 95% of penile cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, while verrucous type is a rare variant with frequent recurrences, but with a favorable prognosis. The majority of patients are asymptomatic; however, patients may present with pain, discharge, and bad odor depending on the severity of the disease. Although hospital admission is often late due to psychosocial factors, cancer is often localized. Herein, we report a 61-year-old circumcised patient presenting with painful penile mass who was diagnosed with a penile verrucous squamous cell carcinoma in the light of literature data.