Diversity, Distribution and Conservation of Fishes in Lakes of Pokhara Valley, Nepal

Present study deals with fish diversity along with management aspects of lakes in Pokhara Valley. It was conducted during September 2009 to February 2010. Monthly fish sampling was done using gill net with the help of experienced fishermen. Altogether 34 species of fishes were recorded in the present study. The population status of important fish species viz., Tor Tor (Hamilton- Buchanan) was found to be endangered, that of Tor putitora (Hamilton-Buchanan), Neolissocheilus hexagonolepis (Mc Clelland), Chagunius chagunio (Hamilton-Buchanan), and Brachydanio rerio (Hamilton-Buchanan) were found to be vulnerable (VU); five species were uncommon (UN) and 24 species were common (C) including common exotic(C*). The lakes were found to be influenced by human activities such as direct disposal of domestic sewage, unscientific agricultural practices, construction of dams without fish ladder or passes, deforestation causing soil erosion etc., which were creating threat to the lentic ecosystem.

Procaryotic Diversity of a Remote Aviation Fuel-Polluted Lentic Ecosystem in Ibeno, Nigeria

Ibeno in Akwa Ibom State is the operational base of Mobil Producing Nigeria Unlimited (MPNU), a subsidiary of Exxon Mobil in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria and it remains one of the most impacted communities by oil and gas exploration and production (O&G E&P) activities. Natural bodies of water (lotic and lentic systems) in the region receive recent petroleum hydrocarbon inputs almost daily due to oil spills and oily wastes discharges. This research was carried out to determine the prokaryotic diversity in a remote aviation fuel-contaminated lentic ecosystem after 15years of aviation fuel pollution using metagenomic approaches. Water samples from the polluted and a control (unpolluted) sites were collected using sterile 1-litre plastic bottles and transported to the laboratory in ice-packed cooler for analyses. ZR Fungal/Bacterial DNA MidiPrep™ (D6105) Extraction Kit was used to obtain community DNA of all microorganisms present in the water samples. The extracted DNA fragments were amplified by Polymerase chain reaction. The quantity of the amplified product was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis and bioinformatic analyses of the extracted fragments were carried out in the NCBI GenBank database using BLAST software. The analysis revealed the dominance of bacterial and archaeal communities in both the polluted and unpolluted water samples. The polluted sample had in composition 93.83% bacteria, followed by 3.43% archaea and 0.36% fungi; the control site sample revealed 58.05% bacteria, 39.69% fungi and 1.05% of archaea. Bacteria are the most dominant organisms in both the polluted and unpolluted ecosystem. These findings suggest that the conditions of the two water bodies are such that allow bacterial growth and proliferation otherwise the archaea would dominate if the conditions were harsh or at extremes.

Use of biological resources by elachistocleis pearsei (ruthven, 1914)(anura: microhylidae) in a lentic ecosystem from the department of sucre, Colombia

ABSTRACT. The use of resources (diet, time of activity and microhabitat) by Elachistocleis pearsei in a locality of the department of Sucre is described. The non-invasive method used to obtain the digestive tract content showed high effectivity. Results show that this species is an active specialist forager that principally ingests ants, nevertheless diet composition is diverse; its activity is limited to the outskirts of the water source and increases in the season of higher precipitation.RESUMEN. Se describe el uso de recursos: dieta, tiempo de actividad y microhábitat, por la especie Elachistocleis pearsei en una localidad del departamento de Sucre. El método no invasivo utilizado para extraer el contenido estomacal mostró alta efectividad. Los resultados indican que la especie es una forrajera activa y especialista que consume mayormente hormigas, aunque la composición de su dieta es más amplia; su actividad se limita a los alrededores del cuerpo de agua e incrementa en temporada de alta precipitación