Effectiveness, Durability, and Safety of Dolutegravir and Lamivudine Versus Dolutegravir, Lamivudine, and Abacavir in a Real-Life Cohort of HIV-Infected Adults

Background: Dolutegravir (DTG) plus lamivudine (2-DR) is suggested as an initial and switch option in HIV-1 treatment. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness, durability, and safety of 2-DR compared with DTG plus abacavir/lamivudine (3-DR). Methods: This was an observational, ambispective study that included all treatment-naïve (TN) and treatment-experienced (TE) patients who started 2-DR or 3-DR between July 1, 2018, and November 30, 2020. The primary end point was noninferiority, at 24 and 48 weeks, of 2-DR versus 3-DR regarding the percentage of patients with viral load (VL)≥50 and 200 copies/mL in TN (4% margin) and VL<50 and 200 copies/mL in TE (margin 12%). Durability of response, and safety were also measured. Results: 242 patients were included (53 TN and 189 TE). Two TN patients on 2-DR had VL≥50 copies/mL and 1 had VL≥200 copies/mL at week 24. In TE patients on 2-DR, 90.2% achieved VL<200 copies/mL at week 24 (difference: 3.8%; 95% CI = −6.3% to 14%) and 91.8% at week 48 (difference: 0.06%; 95% CI = −9% to 10%), meeting noninferiority criteria. Among the 53 TN patients, only 1 VF was observed in 2-DR. In TN patients, the risk of treatment discontinuation was similar between groups (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.37; P = 0.15); similar rates were also found in TE patients (HR = 0.94; P = 0.85). TE patients on 2-DR showed a better safety profile compared with 3-DR patients ( P<0.001). Conclusion and Relevance: Our results did not show noninferiority in terms of virological effectiveness. Nevertheless, all effectiveness measures support the use of 2-DR in a real-life cohort of TN and TE. Additionally, durability and safety of 2-DR were confirmed to be similar to that of 3-DR.

Binet – Type Formula For The Sequence of Tetranacci Numbers by Alternate Methods

The sequence {Tn} of Tetranacci numbers is defined by recurrence relation Tn= Tn-1 + Tn-2 + Tn-3 + Tn-4; n≥4 with initial condition T0=T1=T2=0 and T3=1. In this Paper, we obtain the explicit formulla-Binet-type formula for Tn by two different methods. We use the concept of Eigen decomposition as well as of generating functions to obtain the result.

Inhibición in vitro de Botrytis cinerea con extractos de hojas de vid silvestre (Vitis spp.)

<p>Extractos de hoja de vid silvestre (EHVS) (Vitis spp.) de tres accesiones (P-178, E-200 y TN-4) se evaluaron in vitro a 6, 8 y 12 % v/v con el fin de medir el efecto inhibitorio en el crecimiento de Botrytis cinerea. Comparativamente, se empleó resveratrol (RVS) (60, 90, 120 μg/ mL), extracto de cítricos (EC) (3, 5 y 8 % v/v) y cyprodinil + fludioxonil (SW) (500, 800 and 1000 μg/mL). En promedio, SW inhibió el crecimiento micelial (ICM), esporulación (IE) y germinación conidial (IGC) en 88.9, 85.5 y 93.7 %, respectivamente. RVS presentó el segundo mejor resultado.</p><p>Todos los EHVS tuvieron acción inhibitoria; especialmente, P-178 al 12 % tuvo 72, 75 y 62 % de ICM, IE e IGC, respectivamente. Esta dosis tuvo 19.9 mg/mL de compuestos fenólicos, RVS 1.7 mg/ mL, ácido gálico 3.8 mg/mL y ácido ferúlico 2.5 mg/mL. </p>