THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF ESTIMATABILITY ASSESSMENT OF TRAIN SITUATION SIGNS FOR WORK OF INTELLECTUAL LOCOMOTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS

The article is devoted to the problem of implementation of intelligent control systems in transport. An important task is to assess the information parameters of the control systems. In the existing works the question of definition of one of the basic parameters of functioning of locomotive control systems - information value of separate signs of a train situation is not considered. This does not make it possible to determine the order of signal processing at the input and assess their contribution to the adoption of a control decision. Moreover, informativeness is a relative value, which is expressed in the different information value of a particular feature for the classification of different train situations. Also, the informativeness of the feature may depend on the type of decisive rules in the classification procedure. The quality of recognition of a train situation in which the locomotive crew is, depends on the quality of the features used by the classification system. The decisive criterion for the informativeness of the features in the problem of pattern recognition is the magnitude of losses from errors. To determine the range of the most informative features of train situations, the method of random search with adaptation was used. The results of the work make it possible to optimize the operation of automated and intelligent train control systems by reducing the amount of calculations and simplifying their algorithm.

COMBINATORY APPROACH TO FAILURE FINDING IN PASSENGER CAR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT SYSTEM

Maintaining a high level of maintenance of electrical equipment in passenger cars requires research in the field of improving methods and means of technical diagnostics. Electronic devices for automatic control and protection, which are located in the switchboard of the car, are one of the most critical elements in the electrical equipment system, ensuring its reliable, efficient and safe operation. If the automatic adjustment and protection devices are out of regulation during operation, the voltage and current in the electrical equipment network may exceed the permissible level, which leads to the failure of electricity consumers, a battery and a generator. In addition, the semiconductor devices themselves are very sensitive to short-term overloads, in which, even with minor overloads, a breakdown or breakage of the conductive layer occurs. Modern trends in the development of passenger car fleet indicate a sharp increase in the complexity of the element base of cars. This mainly concerns the electrical systems of cars, where all the functions of control, monitoring and diagnostics are performed by electronics. Maintaining a high level of service for such systems requires research in the field of improving methods and means of technical diagnostics. For these purposes, the authors have developed a method for constructing optimal control and diagnostic tests, which is based on a combinatorial approach. The method is easily implemented on a computer.

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO THE METHODS OF INCREASING THE LIFE CYCLE OF WHEELS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES

The value of the life cycle of rolling stock wheels is determined by the frequency of maintenance, in the process of which the turning is carried out to restore the profiles of the rolling surfaces, or the replacement of completely worn wheels. Traffic safety depends on the technical condition of the wheels of locomotives and wagons. Maintenance and repair of wheelsets accounts for about 30% of all costs of Ukrzaliznytsia's rolling stock repair units. Wheel repair technologies are based on the complete restoration of wheel profiles by turning, using which, their life cycle is reduced, and costs increase by 20% or more. The railways of Ukraine use an outdated, unreasonable, inefficient system of control over the formation of rolling surfaces in operation. Therefore, there is a need to create a scientifically sound approach to methods of extending the life cycle of the wheels of locomotives and wagons while ensuring the safety of railway rolling stock. According to the proposed scientific approach, the wheel profile is restored to optimal parameters, which provides an extended life cycle of wheelsets. As a result of the developed scientific approach the life cycle of wheel pairs will increase by 15… 25% and the expenses of the railway for their repair will considerably decrease.

THE CONCEPT OF THE PASSENGER CAR LIFE CYCLE

The article deals with the issues of a conceptual approach to determining the life cycle of a passenger car. The fleet of passenger car mainly consists of models developed and manufactured in the 70-90s of the last century at car plants in Germany and Russia. They are obsolete both morally and physically. This necessitates the renewal of the passenger car fleet by purchasing cars of both domestic and foreign production. In modern conditions, the user of new technology is interested not only in the purchase price, but also in the after-sales costs. This is reflected in the life cycle cost. It is proposed to use a cascade life cycle model for a passenger car. The stages of the life cycle of a passenger car during operation on the railways of Ukraine have been determined. The components of each stage of the life cycle of a passenger car are considered. For a transport company that intends to operate a passenger car, the costs of the first three stages are directly expressed in the initial cost of the car - the purchase price. The life cycle cost (LCC) of a passenger car will be determined by summing up the individual outflow of funds (expenses) at each specific stage (calculation step) of the service life of the equipment. The life cycle assessment of the technical system of railway transport can work at any stage of the life cycle.

PRODUCTION OF THE SORPTION SHEET FROM COMPOSITE MATERIALS AS A LIQUIDATION AGENT FOR SPILL RESPONSE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ON TRANSPORT

The article raises the issues of rail transport in many countries, including the European Union and Ukraine, transportation of various classes of dangerous goods, ensuring safety during their transportation, strengthening technical standards and environmental requirements for safety of dangerous goods transportation by all modes of transport and the problem of localization and liquidation of accidents during transportation of various classes of dangerous goods by rail is raised. Methods and methods of localization and elimination of spills of dangerous goods are discussed, the sorption method is described as the chosen method to solve the problem, a brief description of sorbents is given, various variants and modifications of materials for carbon sorbents are presented, materials will be used for universal sorption web, method of obtaining a universal sorption web, demonstrated a special installation for carbonization (Carbonizer), which was slightly modernized and made by the authors according to the design of the Engels University. The method of conducting experiments is described. The characteristics of the universal sorption web, its sorption properties are given, and also the technique of using the universal sorption web as a means for localization and / or liquidation of liquid hazardous substances of 3, 5, 8 hazard classes is proposed.

MODELING OF SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OF RISKS IN THE TRANSPORT

The article deals with the actual problems of modeling the processes for monitoring risks in transport. This monitoring involves determining the state of transport objects, as well as procedures for minimizing the consequences of situations caused by the onset of risks. The article discusses the problems of effective creation of system for monitoring of risks in transport based on the use of appropriate models. The article proposes modeling this system based on situational-semantic model. The approach proposed would contribute to recognition of risks and generation of management decisions to eliminate their consequences. The proposed situational-semantic model allows: to predict the behavior of complex transport objects and transport infrastructure objects; take into account the possibility of emergence of new transport objects and processes for ensuring their functioning in conditions of minimizing possible risks; respond adequately to local and global factors of influence on transport objects; dynamically change the structure of the system; take into account new data to predict the development and improvement of relevant transport objects; predict the development of processes to ensure minimization of risks and the consequences of them.

LIFE ASSESSMENT OF RAILS BY CRITERION OF OCCURRENCE OF FATIGUE CRACKS

The paper presents modern concepts of the contact fatigue crack occurrence in the railhead. Numerical simulation of the contact interaction between rails and rolling stock wheels by finite elements method are presented. During the simulation, the problem was solved in elastic and elastic-plastic formulations. We considered R65 rail profile and standard railway wheels. The conditions for the rail–wheel interaction corresponded to train movement on the straight section of the track without slipping. The modern life assessment methodology involves the calculation of the material damage increment at each point of the element as the load varies over time, and subsequent summation of this damage. Upon reaching the ultimate value of the total damage, the structural element is believed to lose its load-carrying capacity, i.e. a crack is formed in it. Despite the substantial simplification of the real problem, the computational costs for the implementation of such methods for predicting the durability will be unnecessarily high. In this regard, we propose the simplified method of the durability calculation.

PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE GENERALIZED MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE HYDRAULIC EXTINGUISHER OF OSCILLATIONS OF THE PASSENGER CAR

The study of the processes associated with the use of working fluids in the elements of hydraulic drives was preceded by studies of the unsteady periodic movement of the working fluid in the pipelines of hydraulic systems. Such processes take place in hydraulic drives and their elements, and are associated with the compressibility of the working fluid. The stability of the operation of hydraulic valves, which are supplied to hydraulic systems in order to maintain, within the required limits, pressures or flow rates, is also largely predetermined by non-stationary hydro mechanical processes occurring in the pipelines of these systems, channels and chambers of hydraulic devices. The peculiarities of the working processes of passive vibration dampers of passenger cars include the interaction of the working fluid with moving parts and its flow through the channels and through the calibrated holes with local artificial resistance. For in-depth analysis of changes in operating parameters, it is necessary to use a mathematical model that should reflect the processes that occur during the operation of the hydraulic device. In the presented article the generalized mathematical model of the hydraulic damper of fluctuations of the passenger car of the НЦ-1100 type is developed. This model takes into account the special operating conditions of the hydraulic shock absorber, which allows you to study the impact of operating parameters on the performance of the device.

JUSTIFICATION OF FILLERS USING IN THE BEARING STRUCTURES COMPONENTS OF FREIGHT CARS

To reduce the load on the freight cars frames under operational conditions, it has been suggested that to use fillers in their components. Fillers using is advisable in the most loaded elements of the bearing structure, namely, the spine beam. Therefore, a necessary condition for filler using in the spine beam is the creation of its closed structure. The dynamic load of railcars was carried out, taking into account the proposed provisions. Calculations have shown with filler using, the maximum accelerations acting on the bearing structures of wagons are 4% lower than those accelerations obtained for bearing structures without fillers. The results of determining the main strength indicators of bearing structures of freight cars are presented, taking into account the fillers using in their components. It has been established that the strength of the frames of the considered types of wagons under the main operating conditions is ensured. At the same time, the maximum equivalent stresses in the bearing structures of wagons are 4-9% lower than those in typical frame structures. The conducted research will contribute to the creation of innovative structures of rolling stock and reduce the cost of its maintenance work in operation.

MODEL AND METHODS OF MANAGEMENT OF EFFICIENCY OF USE OF PRODUCTION AND TECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF ROLLING STOCK OF RAIL TRANSPORT

The article considers the problems management of efficiency of use of production and technological potential of rolling stock of rail transport. It is investigated that to improve the efficiency of functioning requires a comprehensive solution of many problems, with the rational use of labor, material and labor resources. A set of many tasks aimed at improving and ensuring the level of efficiency of rail transport facilities and systems is considered. It is investigated that in order to achieve the required level of efficiency of rolling stock operation it is necessary to improve the management process by system model of the set of problems of efficiency of use of production and technological potential of work of rail transport.As a result of solving the problema mathematical model of the set of problems was proposed, which became the basis for building a system model of the set of problems. The decomposition method and AllFusion Process Modeler software were used to build the system model. The paper considers the task of ensuring the required level of efficiency in the use of production and technological potential of rolling stock and the proposed ways to solve it. There is also a comprehensive review of objects, systems and processes, which involves their identification, providing a formalized description. On the basis of which a model and method of diagnosis were proposed, which inopen the possibility of interaction between the management of the subsystem of diagnostics and planning of work of objects and systems of rolling stock on the basis of the actual technical condition. The solution in this way will increase the indicators of the main aspects of production and technological potential, which is the purpose of this work.