gradient energy
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Desalination ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 525 ◽  
pp. 115485
Author(s):  
Yanmei Jiao ◽  
Linhui Song ◽  
Cunlu Zhao ◽  
Yi An ◽  
Weiyu Lu ◽  
...  

ACS Nano ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seunghyun Hong ◽  
Jehad K. El-Demellawi ◽  
Yongjiu Lei ◽  
Zhixiong Liu ◽  
Faisal Al Marzooqi ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 (01) ◽  
pp. 002
Author(s):  
Dario Bettoni ◽  
Asier Lopez-Eiguren ◽  
Javier Rubio

Abstract Using 3+1 classical lattice simulations, we follow the symmetry breaking pattern and subsequent non-linear evolution of a spectator field non-minimally coupled to gravity when the post-inflationary dynamics is given in terms of a stiff equation-of-state parameter. We find that the gradient energy density immediately after the transition represents a non-negligible fraction of the total energy budget, steadily growing to equal the kinetic counterpart. This behaviour is reflected on the evolution of the associated equation-of-state parameter, which approaches a universal value 1/3, independently of the shape of non-linear interactions. Combined with kination, this observation allows for the generic onset of radiation domination for arbitrary self-interacting potentials, significantly extending previous results in the literature. The produced spectrum at that time is, however, non-thermal, precluding the naive extraction of thermodynamical quantities like temperature. Potential identifications of the spectator field with the Standard Model Higgs are also discussed.


Author(s):  
Yongzhi Hong ◽  
Yunlong Wang ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Zhihao Wang ◽  
Changjiang Hu ◽  
...  

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