Maximum power and corresponding efficiency of an irreversible blue heat engine for harnessing waste heat and salinity gradient energy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Lin ◽  
Shan Xie ◽  
ChenXing Jiang ◽  
YiFei Sun ◽  
JinCan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Gradient Energy

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Economic and Environmental Performance of Low-Temperature Heat to Power Conversion using a Reverse Electrodialysis – Multi-Effect Distillation System

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 3206 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
George Kosmadakis ◽  
Francesco Giacalone ◽  
Bartolomé Ortega-Delgado ◽  
Andrea Cipollina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Potassium Acetate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Distillation System

In the examined heat engine, reverse electrodialysis (RED) is used to generate electricity from the salinity difference between two artificial solutions. The salinity gradient is restored through a multi-effect distillation system (MED) powered by low-temperature waste heat at 100 °C. The current work presents the first comprehensive economic and environmental analysis of this advanced concept, when varying the number of MED effects, the system sizing, the salt of the solutions, and other key parameters. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) has been calculated, showing that competitive solutions can be reached only when the system is at least medium to large scale. The lowest LCOE, at about 0.03 €/kWh, is achieved using potassium acetate salt and six MED effects while reheating the solutions. A similar analysis has been conducted when using the system in energy storage mode, where the two regenerated solutions are stored in reservoir tanks and the RED is operating for a few hours per day, supplying valuable peak power, resulting in a LCOE just below 0.10 €/kWh. A life-cycle assessment has been also carried out, showing that the case with the lowest environmental impact is the same as the one with the most attractive economic performance. Results indicate that the material manufacturing has the main impact; primarily the metallic parts of the MED. Overall, this study highlights the development efforts required in terms of both membrane performance and cost reduction, in order to make this technology cost effective in the future.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of a RED-MED Salinity Gradient Heat Engine

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Palenzuela ◽  
Marina Micari ◽  
Bartolomé Ortega-Delgado ◽  
Francesco Giacalone ◽  
Guillermo Zaragoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Heat Engine ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Recovery Ratio

A performance analysis of a salinity gradient heat engine (SGP-HE) is presented for the conversion of low temperature heat into power via a closed-loop Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) coupled with Multi-Effect Distillation (MED). Mathematical models for the RED and MED systems have been purposely developed in order to investigate the performance of both processes and have been then coupled to analyze the efficiency of the overall integrated system. The influence of the main operating conditions (i.e., solutions concentration and velocity) has been quantified, looking at the power density and conversion efficiency of the RED unit, MED Specific Thermal Consumption (STC) and at the overall system exergy efficiency. Results show how the membrane properties (i.e., electrical resistance, permselectivity, water and salt permeability) dramatically affect the performance of the RED process. In particular, the power density achievable using membranes with optimized features (ideal membranes) can be more than three times higher than that obtained with current reference ion exchange membranes. On the other hand, MED STC is strongly influenced by the available waste heat temperature, feed salinity and recovery ratio to be achieved. Lowest values of STC below 25 kWh/m3 can be reached at 100 °C and 27 effects. Increasing the feed salinity also increases the STC, while an increase in the recovery ratio is beneficial for the thermal efficiency of the system. For the integrated system, a more complex influence of operating parameters has been found, leading to the identification of some favorable operating conditions in which exergy efficiency close to 7% (1.4% thermal) can be achieved for the case of current membranes, and up to almost 31% (6.6% thermal) assuming ideal membrane properties.

Stable Ti3C2Tx MXene–Boron Nitride Membranes with Low Internal Resistance for Enhanced Salinity Gradient Energy Harvesting

ACS Nano ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoliang Yang ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Yijun Qian ◽  
Yuyu Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Gradient Energy

Salinity gradient energy harvested from thermal desalination for power production by reverse electrodialysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 115043
Author(s):  
Jianbo Li ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Zhihao Wang ◽  
Zhongchao Bai ◽  
Xiangqiang Kong
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Thermal Desalination ◽  
Gradient Energy

scholarly journals Nonuniversality of heat-engine efficiency at maximum power

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Hoon Lee ◽  
Jaegon Um ◽  
Hyunggyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Heat Engine ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Engine Efficiency

scholarly journals Strained-graphene-based highly efficient quantum heat engine operating at maximum power

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Mani ◽  
Colin Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Engine ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Quantum Heat Engine ◽  
Strained Graphene

Reverse electrodialysis in bilayer nanochannels: salinity gradient-driven power generation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 7295-7302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Long ◽  
Zhengfei Kuang ◽  
Zhichun Liu ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Gradient Energy ◽  
Ion Transportation

To evaluate the possibility of nano-fluidic reverse electrodialysis (RED) for salinity gradient energy harvesting, we consider the behavior of ion transportation in a bilayer cylindrical nanochannel with different sized nanopores connecting two reservoirs at different NaCl concentrations.

Concentration Flow Cells for Efficient Salinity Gradient Energy Recovery with Nanostructured Open Framework Hexacyanoferrate Electrodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (20) ◽  
pp. 5571-5580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuping Zhu ◽  
Wangwang Xu ◽  
Guangcai Tan ◽  
Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Flow Cells ◽  
Open Framework ◽  
Gradient Energy
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